13C NMR and EPR spectroscopic evaluation of oil shale mined soil recuperation

SYNTHESIS OF SOME SUBSTITUTED NAPHTHALENES VIA BENZYNE AND THEIR 13C-NMR AND 'H-NMR STUDIES

Aprotic diazotization of anthranilic acid with isoamylnitrite or amylnitrite gave benzenediazonium-2- carboxylate. Subsequent thermal decomposition of this diazonium salt (in situ) in 1,2-dichloroethane as a solvent at 85OC and in the presence of 2,5-diethyl-3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienonaes a trapping agent gave 1,4-diethyl-2, 3-diphenylnaphthalene in high yield, after loss of carbon monoxid...

Growth responses of Scots pine to climatic factors on reclaimed oil shale mined land.

Afforestation on reclaimed mining areas has high ecological and economic importance. However, ecosystems established on post-mining substrate can become vulnerable due to climate variability. We used tree-ring data and dendrochronological techniques to study the relationship between climate variables and annual growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing on reclaimed open cast oil shale ...

Evaluation of Mutagenicity Testing of Extracts from Processed Oil Shale

The Ames/Salmonella mutagenicity assay was used to screen processed oil shale extracts for potentially carcinogenic chemicals. Positive mutagenic activity was detected in organic solvent extracts of all four spent shales tested. This result combined with the fact that most carcinogens (90 percent) have been detected as mutagens in the Ames test, indicates that these extracts contain carcinogens...

Use of Ames test in evaluation of shale oil fractions.

Conditions that affect the sensitivity of the Ames assay of complex hydrocarbon mixtures derived from shale oil were studied. Two fractions, one enriched in polynuclear aromatic compounds (PNA fraction), and a second fraction enriched in aromatic and heterocyclic amines (basic fraction), were selected for most of this work because of their comparatively high mutagenicity (i.e., compared with ra...

Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources