(1) PATHOGENESIS

HIV-1 pathogenesis: the virus.

Transmission of HIV-1 results in the establishment of a new infection, typically starting from a single virus particle. That virion replicates to generate viremia and persistent infection in all of the lymphoid tissue in the body. HIV-1 preferentially infects T cells with high levels of CD4 and those subsets of T cells that express CCR5, particularly memory T cells. Most of the replicating viru...

HIV-1: molecular biology and pathogenesis.

The pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.

Epidemiologists have long established beyond all reasonable doubt that infection by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) leads to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Natural history cohorts have demonstrated that the median time from infection to development of AIDS is approximately 12 years, and that this long duration is broadly similar in all populations infected by HI...

Cell Surface Markers in HTLV-1 Pathogenesis

The phenotype of HTLV-1-transformed CD4(+) T lymphocytes largely depends on defined viral effector molecules such as the viral oncoprotein Tax. In this review, we exemplify the expression pattern of characteristic lineage markers, costimulatory receptors and ligands of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, cytokine receptors, and adhesion molecules on HTLV-1-transformed cells. These molecules ...

Chemokine immunobiology in HIV-1 pathogenesis.

The discovery of HIV-1-suppressive chemokines and the subsequent discovery of their cognate receptors as coreceptors for HIV-1 entry herald a paradigmatic shift in the study of HIV-1 pathogenesis. The presence of polymorphisms in chemokine receptor and chemokine genes associated with altered progression and susceptibility to the HIV-1 disease further underscores the potential importance that ch...