purpose a metabolic abnormality such as obesity is a major obstacle in the maintenance of the human health system and causes various chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, as well as various cancers. this study was designed to summarize the recent scientific knowledge regarding the anti-obesity role of curcumin (diferuloylmethane), which is isolated from the herb curcuma longa, known to possess anti-inflammatory activities. however, little is known about its exact underlying molecular mechanisms in the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. furthermore, cell cultures, animal models of obesity, and few human clinical and epidemiological studies have added the promise for future therapeutic interventions of this dietary compound. methods an electronic search was performed using science finder, medline, scopus, google scholar and collected english language articles from 2000 to 2010, relating to the role of curcumin in obesity and metabolic diseases. results obesity has been classified as a growing epidemic and its associated metabolic disorders are considered a major risk to the health system. curcumin interacts with specific proteins in adipocytes, pancreatic cells, hepatic stellate cells, macrophages, and muscle cells, where it suppresses several cellular proteins such as transcription factor nf-kb, stat-3, wnt/b-catenin and activates ppar-c, nrf2 cell signaling pathway. in addition, curcumin downregulates the inflammatory cytokines, resistin and leptin, and upregulates adiponectin as well as other associated proteins. the interactions of curcumin with several signal transduction pathways reverse insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and other inflammatory symptoms associated with obesity and metabolicdeseases.