this article is concerned with eugene fontinell’s idea about personal immortality. fontinell has offered a specific view about the possibility of afterlife, through employing the experimental method, william james’s pragmatic method, and also developing william james’s field theory and his psychological ideas about the “self”.  fontinell believes that it is possible to imagine immortality in a ...

The classical labour theory of value generates two well-known contradictions: Ricardo’s problem of an invariable measure of value and Marx’s transformation problem. I show that both contradictions derive from a category-mistake of supposing that technical costs and total costs are of the same logical type. This category-mistake is the underlying cause of the almost two hundred year history of t...

In the logical semantics of knowledge bases (K8) the handling of contradictions poses a problem not solvable by standard logic. An adequate logic for KBs must be capable of tolerating inconsistency in a KB without los­ ing its deductive content. This is also the bottom line of so-called paraconsistent logics. But paraconsistent logic does not address the question whether contradictory informati...

In traditional logic, contradictoriness (the presence of contradictions in a theory or in a body of knowledge) and triviality (the fact that such a theory entails all possible consequences) are assumed inseparable, granted that negation is available. This is an effect of an ordinary logical feature known as ‘explosiveness’: According to it, from a contradiction ‘α and ¬α’ everything is derivabl...

Violation handling is a crucial problem in many applications. therefore its paradoxes have been studied in, amongst others, artificial intelligence, agent theory and computer science. The standard way to study these paradoxes is to model them using a formal language, and use formal logic to consider whether the set of sentences is inconsistent, the sentences logically follow from others, or som...

In most existing systems that give expert advice, efforts are made to ensure that the rules in the knowledge base do not give rise to contradictions. This is partly to avoid confusing the user, and partly for fear that a logical system that generates even a single contradiction must collapse. We argue that not only can contradictions be tolerated, but they can even be useful. In a legal context...

Quantum codewords are highly entangled combinations of two-state systems. The standard assumptions of local realism lead to logical contradictions similar to those found by Bell, Kochen and Specker, Greenberger, Horne and Zeilinger, and Mermin. The new contradictions have some noteworthy features that did not appear in the older ones. PACS: 03.65.Bz, 89.80.+h, 89.70.+c ∗Permanent address: Depar...

We study the relation between logical contradictions such as p ∧ ¬p and structural contradictions such as p∩ (p · q). Intuitively, we expect the two to be treated similarly, but they are not by PSL, nor by SVA. We provide a solution that treats both kinds of contradictions in a consistent manner. The solution reveals that not all structural contradictions are created equal: we must distinguish ...