The nitro group of 2-nitroimidazole (NIM) enters the tumor cells and is bioreductively activated and fixed in the hypoxia cells. 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (N4) has shown to be a stable chelator for (99m)Tc. The present study was aimed to develop (99m)Tc-cyclam-2-nitroimidazole ((99m)Tc-N4-NIM) for tumor hypoxia imaging. N4-NIM precursor was synthesized by reacting N4-oxalate and 1,3-dib...

N4-Aminocytidine, a nucleoside analog, is strongly mutagenic to various organisms including Escherichia coli. Using E. coli WP2 (trp), we measured the incorporation of [5-3H]N4-aminocytidine into DNA and at the same time measured the frequency of reversion of the wild type, thereby attempting to correlate the incorporation with mutation induction. First, we observed that N4-aminocytidine uptake...

PURPOSE This study was to develop an efficient synthesis of (99m)Tc-O-[3-(1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclohexadecane)-propyl]-α-methyl tyrosine ((99m)Tc-N4-AMT) and evaluate its potential in cancer imaging. METHODS N4-AMT was synthesized by reacting N4-oxalate and 3-bromopropyl AMT (N-BOC, ethyl ester). In vitro cellular uptake kinetics of (99m)Tc-N4-AMT was assessed in rat mammary tumor cells. Tissu...

Let n4(k; d) be the minimum length of a linear [n; k; d] code over GF(4) for given values of k and d. For codes of dimension "ve, we compute the exact values of n4(5; d) for 75 previously open cases. Additionally, we show that n4(6; 14)=24, n4(7; 9)=18, and n4(7; 10)=20. Moreover, we classify optimal quaternary codes for some values of n and k. c © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

An extensive experimental study is conducted to examine effects of different winglet-shapes and orientations on the vortex behind a wing, static surface pressure over the wing, and wing wake of a swept wing at various angles of attack. Four types of winglets, spiroid (forward and aft), blended, and winggrid are used in this investigation. Wing static surface pressure measurements are obtained f...