Motivated by recent applications of the Mann–Whitney U test to large data sets we took a critical look at current methods for computing its significance. Surprisingly, we found that the two fastest and most popular tools for exact computation of the test significance, Dinneen and Blakesley’s and Harding’s, can exhibit large numerical errors even in moderately large datasets. In addition, anothe...

A new nonparametric test for two sample problem based on order statistics is suggested. This test can be successful in the case of small samples. The probabilities of the statistic are given. Comparisons with KolmogorovSmirnov, Mann Whitney-Wilcoxon, and Wilks’ empty block test for small sample sizes are made by the simulation.

Although the polymerization reaction in light-cured orthodontic adhesive continues for some time after light irradiation, it is unclear whether insufficiently irradiated adhesive develops sufficient bond strength. This in vitro study examined the maturation of bond strength after exposure of a variety of light doses. Large metal brackets were bonded to the enamel of 288 bovine mandibular inciso...

Two-loop Gell-Mann–Low function of N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, regularized by higher covariant derivatives. Abstract Two-loop Gell-Mann–Low function is calculated for N=1 supersymmetric Yang– Mills theory, regularized by higher covariant derivatives. The integrals, which define it, are shown to be reduced to total derivatives and can be easily calculated analytically .

there are some barriers for rangers to take part in range plan projects andevaluation. their participation is very useful for range managers to plan and provide solutionsfor solving problems. this study aims at comparing barriers of participating from rangers andexperts point of view in lar moor rangelands, tehran, iran. in this research, data werecollected based on documentation-library and fi...

Design, trademark and patent are the intellectual properties that influence each other and become the core assets and ultimate commercial weapons of the companies. In this study, we researched the designs, trademarks and patents of Nike in depth. The secret of Nike brands are built up on the high technology. Nike also had very successful brands in the apparel and footwear industry. In 2006, Int...

structural steel sections are mainly used in beams and columns of building frames. iran national steel industrialgroup is among the oldest and largest producers of beams in iran. it has two beam production lines, namely line630 and line 650. in this study, the mechanical properties of manufactured beams in these production lines werecompared. based on the t-test results, the elongation is signi...

A stratification of a set, e.g. an analytic variety, is, roughly, a partition of it into manifolds so that these manifolds fit together “regularly”. Stratification theory was originated by Thom and Whitney for algebraic and analytic sets. It was one of the key ingredients in Mather’s proof of the topological stability theorem [Ma] (see [GM] and [PW] for the history and further applications of s...

BACKGROUND Research suggests that participants do not always adequately understand studies. While some consent interventions increase understanding, methodologic challenges have been raised in studying consent outside of actual trial settings. This study examined the feasibility of testing two consent interventions in actual studies and measured effectiveness of interventions in improving under...