recent studies in scientific education as well as foreign and second language instruction suggest that thinking has rarely been an integral part of education and training in classroom. some scholars decried the lack of emphasis on thinking in the institutes and schools. they noted that memorization and drills were rewarded,while inquiry, reflection, and consideration of alternatives were frowne...

abstract: mineral scaling in oil and gas production equipment is one of the most important problem that occurs while water injection and it has been recognized to be a major operational problem. the incompatibility between injected and formation waters may result in inorganic scale precipitation in the equipment and reservoir and then reduction of oil production rate and water injection rate. ...

In this research, for analysis the spatial- temporal changes of precipitation in Iran, the monthly data of GPCC data base in the spatial resolution of 0.5°×0.5° during 40 years period(1974- 2013) have been used. In order to analyze the spatial character of precipitation, the mean of annual, seasonal and monthly amounts of precipitation were prepared and then by applying IDW method...

The trend of river discharge changes in arid and semi-arid regions is mostly decreasing and this trend can be influenced by climatic factors and rising temperatures in recent decades in these areas. This reduction in discharge could have a significant impact on the water storage of the Nahrin Dam and agriculture, industry and drinking water in Tabas City, which should be considered by experts. ...

in this research we have studied the effect of some transition-metals (cu, ag and au) substitutions on two-electron reduction potential of flavins by application of dft method. all geometries have been optimized at blyp level of theory and “6-31+g** + lanl2dz” mixed basis set. the frequency job at the same method and basis sets has been performed to obtain gibbs free energy of compounds. it h...

Mehrgerd region of Semirom county has faced the water shortage for several years. The emergence of drought has led to a decline in water resources in recent years; and there are various reasons for climate change and increased consumption in order to reduce water resources. The present study aimed to investigate the process of temperature and precipitation variations and its possible effects on...

while performance-based language assessment has led to an increased authenticity and content validity in the practice of writing assessment, the reliability of ratings has become a major issue. research findings have shown different reactions by native english speaker (nes) and non-native english speaker (nns) teachers to students’ writings. the focus of this study is on investigating whether i...

there has been a gradual shift of focus from the study of rule systems, which have increasingly been regarded as impoverished, … to the study of systems of principles, which appear to occupy a much more central position in determining the character and variety of possible human languages. there is a set of absolute universals, notions and principles existing in ug which do not vary from one ...