What happens when machines become more intelligent than humans? One view is that this event will be followed by an explosion to evergreater levels of intelligence, as each generation of machines creates more intelligent machines in turn. This intelligence explosion is now often known as the ‘singularity’. The basic argument here was set out by the statistician I.J. Good in his 1965 article ‘Spe...

In recent years, the notion that computers and robots will attain superhuman levels of intelligence in the next few decades, ushering in a new “posthuman” era in evolutionary history, has gained widespread attention among technology enthusiasts, thanks in part to books such as Ray Kurzweil’s The Singularity Is Near. This paper describes an introductory-level AI course designed to examine this i...

A preliminary analysis of fields around 20 mainly radio– quiet QSOs (RQQs) at intermediate redshift is summarized. We find overdensities of faint sources around 50% of our observed QSOs suggesting that they are located in groups or even clusters of galaxies.

Цель исследования. Определить роль различных методов поддержки, таких как энтеральное зондовое и полное паренте: ральное питание в разных фазах течения острого панкреатита (ОП). Материал и методы. У 774 больных с ОП (средний возраст — 45,3±4,7 лет) проведен сравнительный анализ влияния различных способов нутритивной поддержки на секре: торную активность поджелудочной железы (ПЖ) и течение ОП. К...

tory embarrassment or collapse, which in clinical terms is represented most obviously by a reduction in the blood-pressure. There are a number of causes of that state, that is, it is not a definite clinical entity, it is only a train of symptoms, and it is essential for a reception officer to sort out the cases rather than merely to regard transfusion as efficacious for the treatment of every o...

We consider the future dynamics of a transient phantom dominated phase of the universe in LQC and in the RS braneworld, which both have a non-standard Friedmann equation. We find that for a certain class of potentials, the Hubble parameter oscillates with simple harmonic motion in the LQC case and therefore avoids any future singularity. For more general potentials we find that damping effects ...

Emotion regulation dysfunctions are assumed to contribute to the development of tobacco addiction and relapses among smokers attempting to quit. To further examine this hypothesis, the present study compared heavy smokers with non-smokers (NS) in a reappraisal task. Specifically, we investigated whether non-deprived smokers (NDS) and deprived smokers (DS) differ from non-smokers in cognitive em...

The AI field started out with grand dreams of human-level artificial general intelligence. During the last half-century, enthusiasm for these grand AI dreams – both within the AI profession and in society at large -has risen and fallen repeatedly, each time with a similar pattern of high hopes and media hype followed by overall disappointment. Throughout these fluctuations, though, research and...