The main goal of this paper is to introduce and study a new class of function via the notions of $e$-$theta$-open sets and $e$-$theta$-closure operator which are defined by Özkoç and Aslım [10] called weakly $eR$-open functions and $e$-$theta$-open functions. Moreover, we investigate not only some of their basic properties but also their relationships with other types of already existing topolo...

the main goal of this paper is to introduce and study a new class of function via the notions of $e$-$theta$-open sets and $e$-$theta$-closure operator which are defined by özkoç and aslım cite{10} called weakly $er$-open functions and $e$-$theta$-open functions. moreover, we investigate not only some of their basic properties but also their relationships with other types of already existing to...

Read produced the first example of a Banach space ER such that the associated Banach algebra B(ER) of bounded operators admits a discontinuous derivation (J. London Math. Soc. 1989). We generalize the main theorem about B(ER) from which Read deduced this conclusion, as well as the key technical step in his proof, by constructing a strongly split-exact sequence {0} −→ W (ER) −→ B(ER) −→ ←− l2(N)...

Misfolded secretory proteins are transported across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane into the cytosol for degradation by proteasomes. A large fraction of proteasomes in a cell is associated with the ER membrane. We show here that binding of proteasomes to ER membranes is salt sensitive, ATP dependent, and mediated by the 19S regulatory particle. The base of the 19S particle, which contai...

We report the first study of the biological effect of fulvestrant on ER positive clinical breast cancer using sequential biopsies through to progression. Thirty-two locally/systemically advanced breast cancers treated with first-line fulvestrant (250 mg/month) were biopsied at therapy initiation, 6 weeks, 6 months and progression and immunohistochemically-analyzed for Ki67, ER, EGFR and HER2 ex...

It has been suggested that the estrogenicity of PAHs could contribute to their carcinogenic effects via increased tissue-specific cell proliferation. Both benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and benz[a]anthracene (BaA) are known to weakly activate estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent reporter constructs. In this study, several other PAHs, including fluorene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, phenanthrene and anthra...

Purpose: Immunohistochemistry (lHC) is a newer technique for assessing the estrogen receptor (ER) status of breast cancers, with the potential to overcome many of the shortcomings associated with the traditional ligand-binding assay (LBA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of ER status determination by IHC, compared with LBA, to predict clinical outcomeespecially response to...

Intracisternal granules (ICG) develop in the rough ER of hyperstimulated thyrotrophs or thyroid hormone-secreting cells of the anterior pituitary gland. To determine the fate of these granules, we carried out morphological and immunocytochemical studies on pituitaries of thyroxine-treated, thyroidectomized rats. Under these conditions the ER of thyrotrophs is dramatically dilated and contains a...

This study employed an in situ hybridization technique to compare the cellular expression of oestrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ER and , in the female reproductive organ of the rat during prenatal and postnatal periods. Diffuse signals of ER and mRNAs were co-expressed in the foetal ovary; they were weak and inconsistent before onset of gonadal differentiation, but increased in intensity with ag...

There exist three equivalent de®nitions of perfect Nash equilibria which di ̈er in the way ``best responses against small perturbations'' are de®ned. It is shown that applying the spirit of these de®nitions to rationalizability leads to three di ̈erent re®nements of rationalizable strategies which are termed perfect (Bernheim, 1984), weakly perfect and trembling-hand perfect rationalizability, re...