results it was found that the positive hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), the high baseline hbv dna level, the positive hepatitis b virus e antigen (hbeag), and an absent or low hepatitis b surface antibody (hbsab) titer prior to starting treatment are the most important viral risk factors. furthermore, rituximab, anthracycline, and different types of tnf-α inhibitors were identified as the h...

      Varicella is a common and worldwide disease in childhood. It causes primary (chickenpox) and latent infection that may lead to a reactivation disease called zoster (shingles). Zoster or shingles is caused by reactivation of the virus that has been latent in the spinal dorsal ganglion and may occur even in immunocompetent hosts. Although zoster is rare in children, it ma...

In an effort to improve current technology for detection of Newcastle disease virus in convalescent birds, a procedure has been developed for efficient reactivation of virus that has been neutralized by antibody. The reactivation capabilities of fluorocarbon treatment, ultrasonic treatment, pH extremes, and proteolytic digestion were evaluated using the LaSota strain of virus. Reactivation was ...

The ability of antiviral therapy to reduce risk of post-hepatectomy hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in patients negative for viral DNA is unclear. This prospective study involved 174 consecutive patients with hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma who were negative for hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and who underwent hepatic resection. Hepatitis B virus reactivation occurred in...

Gammaherpesviruses chronically infect their host and are tightly associated with the development of lymphoproliferative diseases and lymphomas, as well as several other types of cancer. Mechanisms involved in maintaining chronic gammaherpesvirus infections are poorly understood and, in particular, little is known about the mechanisms involved in controlling gammaherpesvirus reactivation from la...

The administration of cortisone to chick embryos inoculated with large quantities of inactive influenza B virus results in a rate of viral increase greater than is concommittantly observed with inocula of comparable infectivity which are devoid of inactive particles. Thus, more than a mere negation of autointerference is effected. It is concluded that in the presence of cortisone reactivation h...

We examined the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms in late pregnancy and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation before delivery. In this prospective observational study, prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus reactivation within one week before delivery was compared between 163 pregnant women with depressive symptoms at 33 to 34 weeks of gestation and a computer-generated control group of 163...

Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (gammaHV68) infection of mice results in the establishment of a chronic infection, which is largely maintained through latent infection of B lymphocytes. Acute virus replication is almost entirely cleared by 2 weeks postinfection. Spontaneous reactivation of gammaHV68 from latently infected splenocytes upon ex vivo culture can readily be detected at the early stages o...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in patients receiving interferon (IFN)-free direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHODS Patients who were seropositive for HBV core antibody and who received IFN-free DAAs for HCV were enrolled. Hepatitis B virus reactivation was defined as reappearance of serum HBV deoxyribonuclei...

When CV-1 mammalian cells were X-irradiated before infection with ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated herpes simplex virus, an increase in survival of this virus was observed. X-ray reactivation is proposed as the name of this phenomenon by analogy with UV reactivation. The amount of survival enhancement was about the same as that found for UV reactivation in the same virus-host system. The enhancement...