BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases and a major public health challenge in Iran caused by Leishmania spp and transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. The number of CL cases has shown an increasing pattern all over the country, including the district of Varamin, southeast of Tehran, Iran. This study aimed to identify the Leishmania spp ...

BACKGROUND A recent survey of avoidable blindness in Varamin District, Iran, identified moderately high levels of visual impairment (10%) and blindness (1.5%) in people >50 years. This study aimed to define current provision, identify gaps and suggest practical solutions for improving eye health services in this area. METHODS The World Health Organization (WHO) framework for analyzing health ...

BACKGROUNDS To assess the role of socio-economic inequality in visual impairment (VI) in Varamin district, Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using multistage cluster sampling method, 60 clusters (each with 50 subjects) were recruited and underwent clinical eye examinations. Socio-economic status (SES) was identified based on education, occupation, family assets and housing conditions that were measu...

Empirical data and statistical models are used to answer the question of where the new highway routes are most likely to be located. High-quality land-use, population distribution and highway network GIS data for the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area from 1958 to 1990 are developed for this study. The highway system is classified into three levels, Interstate highways, divided highways, and seconda...

Operational speed is an index that represents drivers’ speeding behaviors and shows the comfort and safety levels they experience. Many models had been proposed to predict operational speed in tangent and curve segments of highways. Most of these works had used geometric, with few of them conducted using roadside variables to predict operational speed. Also, the operational speed study in multi...

Some methodologies were compared in providing erosion maps of surface, rill and gully and erosion features, in research which took place in the Varamin sub-basin, north-east Tehran, Iran. A photomorphic unit map was produced from processed satellite images, and four other maps were prepared by the integration of different data layers, including slope, plant cover, geology, land use, rocks erodi...

in recent years, increasing population, vehicles and industrial growth have caused air pollution that is initiated many environment problems and damaged public health. to check the air quality in different regions, pollution data that are collected in air pollution stations are required. for better and more realistic monitoring of air pollution, the stations must be distributed exactly and even...