the present study investigates azari-turkish wh-words within the framework of minimalism. the analysis of wh-in-situ data shows that [+q] &ki;/kïparticle are syntactically in complementary distribution in azari-turkish. when a wh-word is bound by [+q] in c-position, it is interpreted as interrogative element. if, on the other hand, the wh-word is bound by ki/kïparticle which appears in c-positi...

In quite a few languages, the wh-phrase corresponding to English ‘what’ can be used to ask for a reason, in addition to a canonical reason wh-phrase corresponding to English ‘why’: Japanese and Turkish are, among other languages, mainly considered in this paper. It has been reported that reason WHAT-words have more restrictions than WHY-words (e.g., Kurafuji 1996). Thus, the goal of this paper ...

Objectives: Studies have shown that most children before the age of 5 are capable to comprehend and express wh-questions in daily conversations. This study aimed at comparing the ability of wh-questions’ production in 4- to 6-year-old children in spontaneous and elicited conditions. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 4- to 6-year-old Persian-speaking children (N = 72) were selected r...

Introduction Beck (1996) and Beck & Kim (1997) discuss the interaction between wh-in-situ elements and quantifiers, and propose that an intervening quantifier blocks LF movement of wh-in-situ to an operator position. This “intervention effect” is further discussed by Pesetsky (2000) with reference to LF feature movement. Wh-intervention effects exist in a wide variety of languages (see e.g. Hoj...

This enquiry aims to examine whether L2 Russian adjectival morphology and adjective agreement in split contexts are acquirable by adult L1 Turkish learners at higher proficiency levels. Unlike Turkish, the is specified for case, number, grammatical gender. The respective features, along with splitting, not operational Turkish. Bottleneck Hypothesis Updated (Slabakova, 2019) predicts a full acqu...

English main-clause wh-questions form complementiser phrases with wh-words preposed to spec-C position. This is because English wh-words, as verb-complements originally, are strong enough to trigger wh-movement and auxiliary inversion. Persian EFL learners encounter an over-differentiation problem regarding the acquisition of auxiliary inversion rule in English standard questions. Once they hav...

The idea for WAFL came about through a series of conversations that Jaklin Kornfilt and I have had over the past ten years. As we looked at constructions in Japanese, Turkish, and related languages, it became apparent that an analysis of a particular construction in Japanese could be confirmed, extended, or even questioned by comparing it to Turkish, and vice versa. Of course, one can always ma...