please cite this article as: ordobazari m, naqavi al-hosseini aa, zafarmand h. a novel approach for craniofacial symmetry evaluation: using the midsagittal reference line drawn from “crista gali” with nhp technique. novel biomed 2013;1(2):48-53. background and objective: the purpose of this study was the determination of midsagittal reference line (msl) for craniofacial asymmetry assessment by ...

INTRODUCTION The capacity of a healthy individual to estimate the true vertical in relation to the Earth when a fluorescent line is aligned in a completely dark room is called the subjective visual vertical. OBJECTIVE To evaluate subjective visual vertical using the bucket method in healthy Brazilian individuals. METHODS Binocular subjective visual vertical was measured in 100 healthy volun...

a5.2 year-old holstein cow was presented with lameness andabnormal weight bearing in a slaughterhouse. widening of theperiople and swelling of the heel area in the lateral claw was morepermanent than the medial claw. vertical fissure (vf) involvingthe coronary band to the middle of the dorsal wall of the medialhind claw was observed. it was also extended to the bearingsurface in the inner surfa...

The theoretical vertical horopter is a line passing through the fixation point and perpendicular to the horizontal plane, when the fixation is symmetric and on the horizontal median plane. However, the empirical vertical horopter measured psychophysically deviates from the true vertical, as its top inclines backward with an angle. Thus the two corresponding retinal images of the empirical verti...

Introduction: There are several options for cerebrospinal fluid diversion in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus. Fixed and programmable valves, with or without anti-siphon devices, have been used for ventriculoperitoneal shunts and horizontal-vertical valves for lumboperitoneal shunts. Recently, a horizontal-vertical valve was developed for ventriculoperitoneal shunts and has been demo...

background and aims. this study aimed to establish soft tissue cephalometric standards in iranian adults based on nhp, which can be used in diagnosis of orthodontic and orthognathic patients. materials and methods. a group of 46 individuals (24 males and 22 females) with normal occlusion and proportional facial profile were chosen from a large group of dental students. for the all of the chosen...

A drawing of a graph is x-monotone if every edge intersects every vertical line at most once and every vertical line contains at most one vertex. Pach and Tóth showed that if a graph has an x-monotone drawing in which every pair of edges crosses an even number of times, then the graph has an x-monotone embedding in which the x-coordinates of all vertices are unchanged. We give a new proof of th...