in literary histories written in both iran and the west it has generally be assumed that early modern persian literary works are (technically inferior) copies of western literary works. this has been and is still a claim. almost no academically and scientifically sound works has substantiated this claim. while there is no point in denying a european influence on early modern persian literature,...

While leisure and tourism researchers have come some way in addressing issues of reflexivity in their own research, this effort towards engaging with positionality has lagged approximately ten years behind when the broader social sciences confronted the „reflexive turn‟. This research note draws upon two cases from my own research with lifestyle travellers to illustrate how a reflexive approach...

Introduction: The number of travellers from Greece who travel to sub-Saharan Africa has increased during the last decade. Our aim in this research was to study vaccination patterns for travellers travelling to sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2011 until December 2014 in all (57) public health departments in Gr...

From Marco Polo to Richard Nixon, narratives of the encounter between Chinese and Westerners have been defining texts of European cultures and their descendants. Successive but sporadic reports from travellers, missionaries, diplomats, traders and others have provided a model of an alternative way of arranging people, of organizing their lives, of thinking about the state of being human; one th...

Who are Travellers? The 1968 Caravan Sites Act ignored ethnicity and cultural distinctiveness by defining Travellers as: “persons of nomadic habit, whatever their race or origin”. However, in 1989, when the Commission for Racial Equality determined that Gypsies formed a distinct ethnic group, diVerences between “real Gypsies” and other more recent groups of Travellers were emphasised. There are...

Insufficient attention has been paid to physical trauma as a cause of morbidity and mortality in international travellers, despite travellers themselves ranking it among their most important pre-travel health concerns. Road traffic collisions (RTCs) are the most common cause of death in younger travellers. One of the significant factors contributing to motorist accidents is tourists’ disorienta...

BACKGROUND A main cause of hepatitis A and B infections in European countries is travel to endemic countries. Most research on hepatitis vaccination among travellers from Europe has been conducted in airports or travel clinics, samples which potentially overrepresented frequent travellers. METHODS 2102 respondents across France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and UK completed an internet-based questi...

Who are Travellers? The 1968 Caravan Sites Act ignored ethnicity and cultural distinctiveness by defining Travellers as: “persons of nomadic habit, whatever their race or origin”. However, in 1989, when the Commission for Racial Equality determined that Gypsies formed a distinct ethnic group, diVerences between “real Gypsies” and other more recent groups of Travellers were emphasised. There are...

Increasing number of air travellers in recent years and the emergence of multi-airport cities throughout the world has made the behaviour of travellers regarding the choice of the origin airport even more important. Analysis of this behaviour helps for a better future planning and development of competing airports as an important element of their demand prediction. In this paper, particular emp...