purpose: to compare the effect of high dose intravenous corticosteroid therapy with placebo in the treatment of recent traumatic optic neuropathy (ton). methods: in a double masked-placebo controlled clinical trial, 31 eyes of 31 patients were randomly assigned into two groups. only patients with history of ophthalmic or head trauma within the past 7 days were included. unconscious patients, th...

It is generally presumed that penetrating injuries of the orbit are associated with direct optic nerve injury. The incidence of TON after craniofacial trauma has been reported to be 0.5-1.5 % in older series. However, recent surveys report a higher figure; 2-5 % . This increased incidence may represent the diagnosis of subtle forms of TON closer to the time of injury. These types of cases appea...

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) refers to any insult to the optic nerve secondary to trauma. The incidence of TON after traumatic head injury in various studies ranges from 0.5-2.3%. An impact injury to the optic nerve often resulting in significant visual loss and even blindness.The vast majority of TON cases are seen in males,around thirty years of age. TON can be classified depending on the...

treated with corticosteroids was found to have a statistically significant higher mortality rate compared to the placebo group [4]. This means that not only is the treatment with high dose corticosteroids not beneficial in cases of TON, it may in fact be harmful when given to patients with severe head trauma and brain injury. We present the case of a patient with bilateral TON. Bilateral TON is...

TON or traumatic optic neuropathy is a condition that can cause blindness which be caused by trauma to the orbital area head trauma. In its classification, divided into two, namely direct and indirect. Direct TON, usually decrease loss of person's visual ability chance recovery smaller than indirect TON. This occurs when nerve laced with surrounding bone anatomical structural abnormalities. tre...

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is an uncommon cause of visual loss following blunt or penetrating head trauma, but the consequences can be devastating, especially in cases with bilateral optic nerve involvement. Although the majority of patients are young adult males, about 20% of cases occur during childhood. A diagnosis of TON is usually straightforward based on the clinical history and exa...

T helper 17 (Th17) cells are strong inducers of numerous autoimmune diseases and inflammation. However, the role of Th17 cells and interleukin (IL)‑17 in traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) are yet to be elucidated. In the present study, a rat model of TON was established using a fluid percussion brain injury device. Th17 cells were found to be upregulated in the spleens of rats in the TON group. ...

BACKGROUND There is an increase in the incidence of traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) due to increasing urbanization and rapid spurt in the number of motor vehicles on the road. Despite early presentation and ease of diagnosis the visual outcomes in TON are still limited. There is also significant confusion about the timing, dose and efficacy of steroid treatment in its management. PURPOSE To ...

CASE REPORTS We present two cases of blunt ocular trauma with clinical findings and complementary tests compatible with traumatic optic neuropathy (TON), and progression to sectorial optic atrophy. DISCUSSION TON have an essentially clinical diagnosis, and in the last few years has been treated with high doses of intravenous steroids, based on weak evidence of the benefit of the steroids in c...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To summarize our experience in diagnosis of carotid cavernous segment pseudoaneurysm in patients with traumatic optic neuropathy, and to make recommendations for treatment. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. METHODS Clinical data of 133 cases with traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) were reviewed. The diagnosis and treatment of four cases with carotid cavernous segment pse...