trauma to primary teeth can lead to devastating sequels in development of permanent successors. the disturbance may range from enamel hypoplasia and/or hypo-calcification to arrest of dental bud development. crown dilaceration of permanent teeth is one of the consequences of trauma to deciduous teeth mainly due to intrusion or avulsion. this report presents a mandibular central incisor with dil...

this paper reports multidisciplinary treatment of a dental trauma case to achieve a favorable prognosis. a healthy 14-year-old girl reported avulsion of teeth 11 and 21 which had occurred three months earlier. the initial treatment consisting of replantation with a semi-rigid splint was performed in hospital. at presentation, the patient was still using the semi-rigid splint. the clinical exami...

fusion is a developmental anomaly defined as the :union: of two normally separated tooth buds or the partial splitting of one tooth bud into two buds. depending on the stage of development, fusion may be either complete or incomplete. the significance of this particular case was that this fusion occurred in a posterior permanent mandibular tooth, while such a manifestation is more reported in m...

primary tooth impaction is a rare finding during the development of primary dentition. several factors contribute to the impaction of a deciduous tooth. this report describes the diagnosis and treatment of a 10-year-old boy who presented an impacted second primary mandibular molar. this tooth, located inferior to the second premolar together with an odontoma, was positioned superior to the prem...

background bleaching of traumatized discolored teeth is considered an important issue in esthetic dentistry. various methods have been introduced for bleaching, some of which may have adverse effects on soft or hard tissues of the tooth. objectives the objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of ktp laser bleaching on enamel of traumatized teeth. materials and methods a square of 36 m...

root fracture injuries affect up to 7% of permanent teeth. this type of injury is rarely seen in teeth with open apices and depending on the fracture site, the prognosis is good. this case report describes a horizontal intra-alveolar root fracture in the middle third of a maxillary central incisor associated with an extrusive luxation of the coronal segment and its treatment in a 6-year-old gir...

although esthetic is a relative issue, depending upon the country and culture, almost all around the world, there is a consensus that a beautiful set of teeth is the one which is white and bright and is aligned regularly. in iran also the main feature of a beautiful tooth is its whiteness. during the past decades and centuries, tooth discoloration was considered as an esthetic issue and differe...

o bjectives: correct determination of working length is an important step for suc- cess of endodontic therapy. conventional radiography has limitations in providing the accurate location of apical foramen. for this reason, electronic apex locators (eals) were developed to shorten the treatment time and decrease the radiation dose. the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of root zx ea...

As the most important working area of gear, teeth play the role of transmitting load and power. Tooth line and tooth profile are the two main characteristics of the tooth surface, which affect the shape of the tooth surface, tooth meshing characteristics and contact characteristics. Taking the elliptical cylinder gear pair in the reversing device of a new type of drum pumping unit as the resear...