toluene diisocyanate (tdi) is an imperative chemical substance used in the production of polyurethane foams, elastomers, paints and coatings that cause a variety of health problems in workers who are exposed in work places. this study aimed to determine the asthma symptoms and serum specific ige levels in tdi exposed workers and comparing the results with healthy control group.all the plants th...

Residents living near a polyurethane foam manufacturing facility expressed concern to health officials-over chemical emissions from the plnt. Environmental monitoring of ambient air near the plant indicated the presence of toluene diisocyanate (TDI), which was ued in foam producton. Health official collected blood samples from 113 residents and analyzd the blood sera for antibodies to TDI and r...

This work was undertaken to investigate the usefulness of diisocyanate-related protein adducts in blood samples as biomarkers of occupational exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI; 2,4- and 2,6-isomers) and 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). Quantification of adducts as toluene diamines (TDAs) and methylenedianiline (MDA) was performed on perfluoroacylated derivatives by gas chromatogra...

The study validated the use of urinary toluene diamine (TDA) in postshift samples as an indicator of preceding 8-h exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Nine workers exposed in TDI-based polyurethane foam production were studied. Their exposure levels varied in 8-h time-averaged samples from 9.5 to 94 micrograms/m3. The urinary TDA concentrations varied from 6.5 to 31.7 micrograms/g creatinin...

The U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted 2-year bioassays of commercial grade toluene diisocyanate (TDI) (80% 2,4-TDI and 20% 2,6-TDI) and 2,4-toluene diamine (TDA) and concluded that both were carcinogenic in rodents. In the TDI study, there was an unproven but likely formation of TDA either because of flawed test-substance handling and storage conditions and/or the atypical exposu...

The inhalation of isocyanates, such as toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) can induce hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) as well as bronchial asthma in humans, but the precise pathological features and their pathogenetic mechanisms have not been elucidated. To provide insight into the pathological features of isocyanate-induced hyp...

The isocyanates are widely used as precursors of polyurethane products, as well as carbamate insecticides. Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) is one of the most important commercially used isocyanates. Humans may be exposed to TDI by inhalation, ingestion, dermal and eye contact. TDI is a powerful irritant to the mucosal membranes of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, eyes and the skin. P...

An improved method was developed and validated for measuring low-level concentrations of toluene diisocyanates (TDls) in air. The method is based on OSHA Method 42 for industrial applications. Airborne TDls were trapped on a 25-mm glass-fiber filter impregnated with 50 pg of 1-(2pyridy1)piperazine. A filter holder for was constructed to minimize contamination and losses of the analytes. The der...