intra-cerebral hemorrhage (ich) is a particularly severe type of stroke accounting for 10–15 % of all strokes and is associated with a mortality rate of 30–50%. neuroinflammation contributes to ich-induced secondary brain injury and understanding the mechanisms causing neuroinflammation can be helpful to find new treatments of ich. recent studies demonstrated that toll like receptor 2 (tlr2) fo...

Intra-cerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a particularly severe type of stroke accounting for 10–15 % of all strokes and is associated with a mortality rate of 30–50%. Neuroinflammation contributes to ICH-induced secondary brain injury and understanding the mechanisms causing neuroinflammation can be helpful to find new treatments of ICH. Recent studies demonstrated that toll like receptor...

Photodynamics of an aluminum(iii) porphyrin-phosphorous(v) porphyrin heterodimer reveals initial formation a singlet CT state which relaxes to high-energy triplet lasting for about 105 ?s.

Chemokines mediate diverse fundamental biological processes, including combating infection. Multiple chemokines are expressed at the site of infection; thus chemokine synergy by heterodimer formation may play a role in determining function. Chemokine function involves interactions with G-protein-coupled receptors and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAG). However, very little is known regarding het...

Myeloperoxidase secreted by macrophages and neutrophils in atherosclerotic lesions generates a tyrosyl radical in apolipoprotein (apo) AI, a major protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), thus inducing the formation of apoAI-apoAII heterodimers. It can also cause nitration and chlorination of tyrosine residues. Determining the apoAI-apoAII heterodimer could provide useful informatio...

The heterodimer formed by electrostatic association of zinc(II) meso-tetrakis(N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin (ZnTMPyP) and zinc(II) meso-tetrakis(p-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (ZnTPPS) exhibits a strong affinity for the interface between water and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE). Surface tension measurements using the quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) technique reveal that the heterodimer adsorption can ...

Background and Objective: S100A8/A9 is a heterodimer calcium-binding protein which is involved in tumor cell proliferation, adhesion and invasion, and is proposed as a biomarker for better diagnosis and prognosis in many cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the simultaneous serum-based level of S100A8/A9 and CA15-3 as well-illustrated cancer biomarkers, as well as the...

Heterodimerization has been documented for several members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, including the closely related MT(1) and MT(2) melatonin receptors. However, the relative abundance of hetero-versus homodimers and the specific properties, which can be attributed to each form, are difficult to determine. Using a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) donor...

Thrombin is a potent platelet agonist that activates platelets and other cells of the cardiovascular system by cleaving its G-protein-coupled receptors, protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), PAR4, or both. We now show that cleaving PAR1 and PAR4 with α-thrombin induces heterodimer formation. PAR1-PAR4 heterodimers were not detected when unstimulated; however, when the cells were stimulated with...

BACKGROUND The alpha and beta subunits of FSH were fused to the Fc domain of IgG1 either in a single chain or a heterodimer format. These molecules were absorbed through the epithelium in lung and intestine by neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-mediated transcytosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Single chain and heterodimer FSH-Fc were made recombinantly in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Treatment of rats with...