abstract target-oriented approaches to translation studies are regarded as recent theories of translation. one of the most famous theories among these approaches is descriptive translation studies presented by toury (1995). this theory gives a new dimension to translation studies and gives importance to the descriptive rather than prescriptive studies. it also identifies three sets of transla...

phatic communion is a cultural concept which differs across cultures. according to hofstede (2001), the u.s. tends to have individualistic culture; however, asian countries tend to have collectivistic cultures. these cultures view phatic communion differently. in individualistic cultures like u.s., phatic communion reflects speakers’ socio-cultural relationships in conversations. to see whether...

abstract foreign and iranian cultures are far distinct in the constraints imposed on writing and translating for children, since the iranian literary system is mainly concerned with cultural and religious instructions which lead to manipulation of translated texts. this study sought to identify the cultural and social constraints and norms which determined the strategies applied in the transl...

this thesis aims to adduce an unmitigated and comprehensive explication concerning the relationship of three significant elements of fiction: setting, chracter and theme. my research is basically placed on two outstanding novels of the 19th century: emily brontes wuthering heights and thomas hardys return of the native. my endeavour lies in studying the correlation among the three above-mention...

از جمله راه های تعیین تنوع و روابط فیلوژنتیکی در حشرات، استفاده از خصوصیات ظاهری و نشانگرهای مولکولی می باشد. در این تحقیق تنوع و روابط فیلوژنتیکی برخی از بالتوری ها از نظر ریخت شناسی و توالی بخشی از ژن کد کننده سیتوکروم اکسیداز i بررسی گردید. جمع آوری نمونه ها در استان کردستان در شهرستان های کامیاران، بانه، سنندج، دیواندره، مریوان و سقز انجام شد. برای جمع آوری بالتوری ها از تله نوری و تور دستی...

this thesis is based upon the works of samuel beckett. one of the greatest writers of contemporary literature. here, i have tried to focus on one of the main themes in becketts works: the search for the real "me" or the real self, which is not only a problem to be solved for beckett man but also for each of us. i have tried to show becketts techniques in approaching this unattainable goal, base...

the images of muslims in media, literature and politics have been mostly black and white portrayals of a people alien to modernity, civilization, rationality and pluralism. since the end of the cold war and the onset of deadly terrorist attacks in different areas of the world, especially in the united states, these representations show a palpable difference: muslims are represented not only as ...

this study focuses on jane austens representation of her heroines in two of her novels: pride and prejudice, and mansfield park. i have concentrated only on a single idea: how jane austen takes her heroines through a course of psychogical reformation to which almost everything else in her novel is subsidiary. although i have discussed only pride and prejudice, we can trace austens carefully pla...