Willingness to communicate (WTC) construct plays an important role in second language (L2) teaching and learning. Almost any second language learner is likely to respond to a direct question, but many will not continue or initiate communication. The present study investigates Pakistani undergraduate students' perception of their willingness to initiate communication in English across four types...

A model has been developed to simulate a fixed-exit porous bleed system for supersonic inlets. The fixed-exit model allows the amount of bleed flow to vary according to local flow conditions and fixedexit characteristics of the bleed system. This variation is important for the control of shock-wave/ boundary-layer interactions within the inlet. The model computes the bleed plenum static pressur...

endocrine hypothesis. For example, there must be in the population many men who have regularly donated blood every six months for many years. Obviously this is not equivalent to a monthly menstrual bleed. Nevertheless it would be interesting to see whether these men are in any way protected against coronary thrombosis as compared with a group of non-donors. (2) If true the concept would mean th...

  Abstract The present study begins by sketching "Chaos/Complexity Theory" (C/CT) and its applica-tion to the nature of language and language acquisition. Then, the theory of "Universal Grammar" (UG) is explicated with an eye to C/CT. Firstly, it is revealed that CCT may or may not be allied with a theory of language acquisition that takes UG as the initial state of language acquisition for ...