This study examined the role of the native language (L1) transfer in a non-native language (L2) acquisition of the there-insertion construction at the syntax-semantics interface. Specifically, the study investigated if Mandarin EFL learners would make overgeneralization errors in the situation where an L1 argument structure constitutes a superset of its L2 counterpart. Verbs of existence and ap...

This research investigates three ongoing language changes in Japanese: sa-Insertion, ra-Deletion, and re-Insertion, in light of the “change from above/below” (Labov 1990). Sa-Insertion involves a process, which adds an extra -asto the causative morpheme, yielding a double causative construction (1). Ra-Deletion involves a process which deletes -rain the potential morpheme (2). Re-Insertion invo...

An AVL tree [1] is the original type of balanced binary search tree. An insertion in an n-node AVL tree takes at most two rotations, but a deletion in an n-node AVL tree can take Θ(log n). A natural question is whether deletions can take many rotations not only in the worst case but in the amortized case as well. A sequence of n successive deletions in an n-node tree takes O(n) rotations [3], b...

This paper presents an e cient algorithm for bu ered Steiner tree construction with wire sizing. Given a source and n sinks of a signal net, with given positions and a required arrival time associated with each sink, the algorithm nds a Steiner tree with bu er insertion and wire sizing so that the required arrival time (or timing slack) at the source is maximized. The unique contribution of our...

While expletive there has primarily been studied in the context of the existential construction, it has long been known that some but not all lexical verbs are compatible with there-insertion. This paper argues that there-insertion can be used to diagnose vPs with no external argument, ruling out transitives, unergatives, and also inchoatives, which are argued to project an event argument on th...