there are two major theories of measurement in psychometrics: classical test theory (ctt) and item-response theory (irt). despite its widespread and long use, ctt has a number of shortcomings, which make it problematic to be used for practical and theoretical purposes. irt tries to solve these shortcomings, and provide better and more dependable answers. one of the applications of irt is the as...

در این پایان نامه مباحثی در مورد نیم گروه های معکوس توپولوژیکی اولیه (مطلقا) h-بسته و فشرده (شمارایی) بدست می آوریم و ساختار نیم گروه های معکوس توپولوژی فشرده شمارایی و نیم گروه های معکوس توپولوژی همنهشت-آزاد را توصیف می کنیم و نشان می دهیم که نیم گروه دو دوری نمی تواند در نیم گروه معکوس توپولوژی فشرده شمارایی نشانده شود. we present some discussions about compact (countably) and (absolutely) h...

فرض کنید g یک گروه متناهی باشد به طوری که مربع هر درجه کاراکتر تحویل ناپذیر آن اندیس مرکز گروه را عاد می کند. آیا می توان نتیجه گرفت که گروه پوچتوان یا حتی حلپذیر است؟ همچنین در مورد بعضی از تعمیمهای فوقالذکر بحث خواهیم کرد. همچنین، تا چه اندازه ساختار یک گروه حلپذیر توسط بزرگترین درجه کاراکتر تحویل ناپذیر گروه تحت تاثیر قرار میگیرد مورد بحث قرار خواهد گرفت. let g be a finite group such tha...

there is no doubt that human being needs to become integrated with industry and industry needs to be progressed, daily. on the other hand, serious events in industrial units specially in oil industries has been shown that such damages and events are industry related ones. the consequence of such events and damages which resulted in chemical and poisoned explosions and loss of life and property ...

the concepts of similarity and dissimilarity have been the interest of many researchers. basically, in the studies the similarity between two objects or phenomena, has been discussed. in this thesis, we consider the case when the resemblance or similarity among three objects or phenomena of a set, 3-similarity in our terminology, is desired. later we will extend our definitions and propos...

there are many approaches for solving variety combinatorial optimization problems (np-compelete) that devided to exact solutions and approximate solutions. exact methods can only be used for very small size instances due to their expontional search space. for real-world problems, we have to employ approximate methods such as evolutionary algorithms (eas) that find a near-optimal solution in a r...

what has been discussed here has been a study of international immigration law. this branch of law has not been a major player in the field of international law. no collective law exists, and no codification has been carried out as yet. however, the need for such a set of laws has forced the international community to pay more attention to this issue. the need for a better life in the so-call...