objective(s) the role of therapeutic drug monitoring (tdm) in patient care has grown rapidly since its introduction three decades ago. the aim of present study was to evaluate the possible relationship between serum levels and the clinical response of valproic acid (vpa). materials and methods in the present study we evaluated a homogeneous group of adult patients receiving vpa monotherapy. a t...

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is defined as the clinical laboratory measurement of the levels of drugs in plasma, serum or blood of patients that, with appropriate medical interpretation, will directly influence drug prescribing procedures [1]. TDM is also referred to as the individualization of drug dosage by maintaining plasma or blood drug concentrations within a targeted therapeutic ran...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Various antiepileptics, sedative and anesthetic agents are used in the neurocritical care setting and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has been proposed as a means to individualize dosing to ensure efficacy, avoid toxicity, and to account for drug-drug interactions. The purpose of this review is to highlight key articles relating to TDM published in the last 5 years with a fo...

Biopharmaceuticals directed against tumor necrosis factor-alpha, integrins, interleukins, interferons and their receptors have become key agents for the management of inflammatory diseases in the fields of gastroenterology, rheumatology, dermatology and neurology. However, response to these treatments is far from optimal. Therapeutic failure has been attributed in part to inadequate serum conce...