the causation (tasbib) is a ground of liability in law which leads to compensation of damages in civil law and punishment in criminal law. as causation being discussed in both civil law and criminal law separately, it is generally perceived that the causation in civil law is different from that of criminal law. by reviewing the roots and conditions of causation, it becomes clear that the nature...

nuclear facilities, though have large advantages for human being, they also creates heavy hazards. thus, the question of civil liability resulted from events of mentioned facilities are so significant. this paper studies the question of the basis and the responsible for compensation resulted from aforementioned events in international instruments, iran and french law. outcome of this study show...

Abstract Setting off from a familiar distinction in the philosophy of properties, this paper introduces tripartite between sparse causation, abundant causation and mere (instances latter forming sub-class causation). It is argued that contrast allows us to resolve notorious philosophical issues having do with negative involving institutional properties physical macro-causation way unified, intu...

How the mind of a human being can determine the bodily spirits [i.e., the fluids in the nerves, muscles, etc.] in producing voluntary actions, being only a thinking substance. For it appears that all determination of movement is produced by the pushing of the thing being moved, by the manner in which it is pushed by that which moves it, or else by the qualification and figure of the surface of ...

the problem of mental causation was one of the most important problems in philosophy of mind at least from the time of descartes. since cartesian philosophers found the causal interaction of the soul and the body problematic, they explained away the direct relation between the soul and the body in different ways. however, the problem was not resolved in contemporary philosophy of mind when the ...