orientalism, as a phenomenon, has a long record in the west; and the orientalists are also varied in their motivations. the orientalists have attempted throughout the history to make believe that the prophet of islam had not been a prophet and that the qur’ān is a human achievement adopted from the torah, gospel, etc. to prove their claim, they have alluded to some texts in the sunnī sources, o...

OBJECTIVE To assess the extent of research publication misrepresentation among otolaryngology residency applicants and to determine applicant attributes associated with misrepresentation. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING A single otolaryngology residency program. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) applications to the incoming 2010 class of an otola...

OBJECTIVES To determine the percentage of publication misrepresentation among applicants to an ophthalmology residency, to compare that percentage with published percentages from other specialties, and to compare the number of US-trained applicants vs non-US-trained applicants found to misrepresent published articles. METHODS Published articles in peer-reviewed journals listed on residency ap...

This doctoral thesis examines the influence of relative performance and managerial incentives on corporate financial misrepresentation, and then tests the relationship between misrepresentation and subsequent operating performance, including the moderating effects of change in board composition and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) turnover. Using a hand-collected data set from several archival sou...

OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of research publication misrepresentation amongst Canadian Resident Matching Service (CaRMS) applicants to a single surgical subspecialty residency as a potential means of assessing professional behaviour. METHODS The authors reviewed CaRMS application forms to Canadian otolaryngology residency programmes over a 3-year period (2006-...

BACKGROUND There is often a huge gap between neurobiological facts and firm conclusions stated by the media. Data misrepresentation in the conclusions and summaries of neuroscience articles might contribute to this gap. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using the case of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), we identified three types of misrepresentation. The first relies on prominent...