Mechanisms by which 3'-phosphorylated phosphoinositides (3'-PIPs) regulate the development of apicomplexan parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii are poorly understood. The catabolic process of autophagy, which is dependent on autophagy-related proteins (ATGs), is one of the major targets of 3'-PIPs in yeast and mammals. In the present study, we identified autophagy-related prote...

background: mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. infection with this bacterium is known to induce the development of autoantibodies of which a few are also known to be diagnostic markers for some other diseases. antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (anca's) are among those autoantibodies used in clinical setting for diagnosing systemic vasculit...

patients with malignancy are at higher risk of thrombotic complications due to the hypercoagulability state. our objective in this study was to assess the serum concentrations of homocysteine, anti phospholipid antibodies, and anti cardiolipin in patients with benign and malignant breast tumors and study the effect of chemotherapy on the serum levels of these markers. a case control study was c...

recurrent abortion is a critical problem in which many factors play a crucial role such as anticordiolipin antibody and antiphospholipid antibody. this study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of anticardiolipin antibody and antiphospholipid antibody in pregnancy failures in women with the history of recurrent pregnancy loss. in 154 women with the history of two or more recurrent pregnancy...

The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that can infect any warm blooded animal,' as well as reptiles and fish,2' and shows a high incidence in humans, with approximately 500 million people throughout the world having antibodies to Tgondii.5 The organism is ubiquitous in nature and produces one of the most common infections ofhumans.' It is the most common cause of...

background: celiac disease is one of the malabsorption syndromes leads to growth and development retardation in children. there is no test lonely can definitely diagnose celiac; however, the collection of clinical findings, serologic tests, intestinal biopsy, and response to treatment may diagnose it. although diagnostic value is variable in different studies, they are used a non-invasive and a...

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Infection with this bacterium is known to induce the development of autoantibodies of which a few are also known to be diagnostic markers for some other diseases. Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA's) are among those autoantibodies used in clinical setting for diagnosing systemic vasculitic sy...

background: infections attributed to helicobacter pylori ( h. pylori ) involve almost half of the world's population. one of the effects is auto-antibody induction and cross-reaction with numerous proteins in the body. as a result of its widespread prevalence and importance, this study evaluates the associations between h. pylori and thyroid auto-antibodies. materials and methods: this study en...

background and aims: toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease which may cause some laboratory symptoms in infected individuals. one of the main ways of transmition this organism is placenta to fetus pathway. if this transmission occurs in the 3th month of pregnancy, the abortion, central nerve system and ocular disorder will happen. because of this issue, the precise technique for detection of toxo...

background: the clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) and some other viral infections is controversial. objective: to study the prevalence of anticardiolipin antibody (acla) and antibeta2glycoproteini antibody (antibeta2gpi antibody) in hcv and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infected patients and its association with liver clinical parame...