OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effects of the resin thickness on the microhardness and optical properties of bulk-fill resin composites. METHODS Four bulk-fill (Venus Bulk Fill, Heraeus Kulzer; SDR, Dentsply Caulk; Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar vivadent; SonicFill, Kerr) and two regular resin composites (Charisma flow, Heraeus Kulzer; Tetric N-Ceram, Ivoclar vivadent) were used. Sixt...

‎A $mu$-way $(v,k,t)$ $trade$ of volume $m$ consists of $mu$‎ ‎disjoint collections $T_1$‎, ‎$T_2‎, ‎dots T_{mu}$‎, ‎each of $m$‎ ‎blocks‎, ‎such that for every $t$-subset of $v$-set $V$ the number of‎ ‎blocks containing this t-subset is the same in each $T_i (1leq‎ ‎i leq mu)$‎. ‎In other words any pair of collections ${T_i,T_j}$‎, ‎$1leq i< j leq mu‎$ is a $(v,k,t)$ trade of volume $m$. In th...

T his paper investigates the gain of bilateral trade between China and U.S. in manufacturing sectors when both countries play a role in asymmetric (biased) growth of  international trade. Our model includes a special case of Biased Growth Theory in international trade. We collected labor productivity, export and import data by using classification of manufacturing industries, for U.S...

T he main objective of this paper was the investigation of the impact of the trade openness on economic growth in Pakistan. We have been employed both the Johensen and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Co-integration together with ECM Techniques for the period 1975-2016. The empirical estimated results are the sound evidence that there exists a short...

T his study investigates the effects of extra-ECOWAS merchandise trade and investment flows on the transmission of business cycles in the selected ECOWAS between 1985 and 2014.  The study finds that total trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) significantly influence the transmission of business cycles with elasticities of 1.1 and 0.7, respectively in the long run. There are little vari...

abstract t his paper explains bilateral trade patterns between south korea and thirteen opec member countries over the period 1980-2014 using a gravity model. the estimation results show that the gravity equation fits the data reasonably well. we confirmed the existence of long term relationships between the bilateral trade flows and the main components of gravity model - gdp, income (gdp per c...

Abstract T his paper explains bilateral trade patterns between South Korea and thirteen OPEC member countries over the period 1980-2014 using a gravity model. The estimation results show that the gravity equation fits the data reasonably well. We confirmed the existence of long term relationships between the bilateral trade flows and the main components of gravity model - ...

Abstract T his paper attempted to examine the effects of foreign trade, energy consumption, human capital and physical capital on GDP in 8 candidate developing countries and 8 candidate developed countries during 2002-2014.In this study, the effects of variables were estimated through panel cointegration technique and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS).The results of regression te...

This study focuses on the possible impact of the MFA phase-out on the world economy. Starting from analyzing trends in world textile and apparel trade (T&A), the study found that the developing countries were a growing factor in world T&A trade in recent decades. Moreover, using trade data from 91 countries over 37 years, the empirically investigate of the study indicates a strong positive rela...