one of the methods to recognize national background and roots, also to maintain historical and cultural nature is to study different dimensions of physical, martial and athletic activities in ancient iran. the aim of the present study was to identify different sport fields and equipment in ancient iran using content analysis of nine versions of ferdowsi’s “shahnameh” and related literature. als...

Abstract To examine the effects of task repetition with different schedules, English-as-a-foreign-language classroom learners performed same oral narrative six times under three schedules. They narrated six-frame cartoon story (a) consecutively in one class (massed practice), (b) at beginning and end a (short-spaced (c) as part two classes 1 week apart (long-spaced practice). The results yielde...

one of the most important topics in the field of jurisprudence and interpretation of the noble quran is freedom of religion which is also drawn into the political sphere. discussions on the seeming conflict between verses of sword and denial of duress have aroused controversies among researchers. one of the four following possible relationships can be established between verses of sword and den...

The augmented eccentric connectivity index is defined as the summation of the quotients of the product of adjacent vertex degrees and eccentricity of the concerned vertex of a graph which is a generalization of eccentric connectivity index. In this paper we present explicit expressions for the values of augmented eccentric connectivity indices of some particular thorn graphs like thorn path, th...

Date palm thorn injuries are common in Middle Eastern countries, where there are many date palm plantations. If detected, these injuries can be treated without subsequent complications. In children, however, the diagnosis can very easily be missed. An untreated embedded thorn may cause late complications, including periostitis or osteomyelitis. In this article, the author presents a case of dat...