al-ghallābī is rated as among the shī‘ī authors of the third/eighth century, through whom many historical traditions have been related in shī‘ī and sunnī sources. examining the status of al-ghallābī’s traditions in the two major sects (of shī‘a and sunnī), this writing is intended to find the reason for the permeation of his traditions into the sources belonging to the sunnīs – who are very cau...

a search into the earlier tradition sources of the sunnīs indicates that part of them, entitled kitāb al-faḍā’il, address the excellences (faḍā’il) and virtues (manāqib) of individuals and groups. dedicating a separate chapter under this rubric along other chapters and sections of ḥadith collections reveals the importance of this issue and the endeavors of the compilers of sunnī ḥadith collecti...

among the most important differences between the sunnīs and shī‘as is the legal obligation of the circumambulation called ṭawāf al-nisā’ in the end of the ḥajj pilgrimage and the consequences of its non-performance. contrary to the shī‘as, the sunnīs’ jurisprudence the have opined the necessity of another circumambulation called ṭawāf al-widā‘ (farewell circumambulation) by putting aside ṭawāf ...

This article explores the central antagonisms at work within Alī nāma of Rabīʿ, a fifth/eleventh-century Persian epic by Twelver Shīʿī poet narrating deeds ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, in particular battles Camel and Ṣiffīn. It gives an analysis this poem its twin contexts imamology poetry, illustrating how these fields are variously drawn upon, combined challenged poem’s unique narrative imam, arguing t...

historiography by sunnīs on the subject of the purified imams (a.s.)’s life started along with the shī‘as’ and has continued ever since. the evolutionary development of this trend, which has had its ups and downs proportionate to the cultural vicissitudes of the muslim world, requires undergoing serious studies. despite addressing such issues as the why, the how, and the context of the producti...

barghawatah were from among the religious suffriya berbers, who, relying on the simple-mindedness of the tribes and their dissatisfaction with the political situation established a state in far maghrib in the first half of 2nd/8th century by propagating an eclectic doctrinal tenet and claiming mahdi and continued until mid-5th/9th century. strategies of doctrinal discourses of barghawatah’s sta...

according to the content of the traditions that later on became renowned as “traditions of exposition” (‘arḍ) in the language of the legal theorists and jurists, the traditions whose issuance by the infallibles is suspicious are exposed to the holy qur’ān and are at least rejected in case they are opposed by the qur’ān. these traditions, that are among the sound and valid traditions in the shī‘...

tanqīḥ al-manāṭ (refinement of the basis of the ruling) is the refining and elaborating of the reason and basis of a ruling of the redundant features along with decreeing and generalizing it to any case that enjoys a common feature. tanqīḥ al-manāṭ was brought up first by the sunnīs in the fifth/twelfth century and later on in the seventh/fortieth century was explicitly and formally raised amon...

the history of islamic jurisprudence has witnessed two heterogeneous yet apparently similar trends – although in two different periods of time and manifestations. one is the akhbāriyya movement in imāmī school, which, with a new approach to practicing sharī‘a and while negating ijtihād (legal reasoning), regards intellect as being unable to achieve legal rulings. the second trend is the salafiy...