In this paper, we first give a characterization of sub-topical functions with respect to their lower level sets and epigraph. Next, by using two different classes of elementary functions, we present a characterization of sub-topical functions with respect to their polar functions, and investigate the relation between polar functions and support sets of this class of functions. Finally, we obtai...

This paper deals with topical and sub-topical functions in a class of ordered Banach spaces. The separation theorem for downward sets and sub-topical functions is given. It is established some best approximation problems by sub-topical functions and we will characterize sub-topical functions as superimum of elementary sub-topical functions.

we study the support sets of sub-topical functions‎ ‎and investigate their maximal elements in order to establish a necessary and sufficient condition‎ ‎for the global minimum of the difference of two sub-topical functions‎.

BACKGROUND Several local anaesthetic techniques are available for cataract surgery. Recently, topical anaesthesia has gained in popularity. A randomized trial was designed to compare patient discomfort and intraoperative complications following routine cataract surgery under topical or sub-Tenon's anaesthesia. METHODS A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial of 210 patien...

We study the support sets of sub-topical functions‎ ‎and investigate their maximal elements in order to establish a necessary and sufficient condition‎ ‎for the global minimum of the difference of two sub-topical functions‎.

BACKGROUND/AIMS To devise and evaluate a novel Ocular Anaesthetic Scoring System (OASS) for non-topical local anaesthesia. METHODS In OASS, a score of between 0 (poor) and 14 (excellent) was devised measuring motor (ocular motility, levator and orbicularis function) and sensory functions (digital spear pressure at limbus and topical anaesthetic sting). 40 patients were studied prospectively t...

AIMS To determine whether topical anaesthesia in small incision self-sealing phacoemulsification cataract surgery provides comparable anaesthesia to sub-Tenon's infiltration. METHODS Thirty five patients undergoing small incision self-sealing phacoemulsification cataract surgery were allocated randomly to receive topical anaesthesia with 0.4% oxybuprocaine or sub-Tenon's infiltration with 2% ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the level of patient pain during the phacoemulsification and implantation of foldable intraocular lenses while under topical, intracameral, or sub-Tenon lidocaine. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study. Three hundred and one eyes subjected to cataract surgery were included in this study. All eyes underwent phacoemulsification surg...

For community managers and hosts it is not only important to identify the current key topics of a community but also to assess the specificity level of the community for: a) creating sub-communities, and: b) anticipating community behaviour and topical evolution. In this paper we present an approach that empirically characterises the topical specificity of online community forums by measuring t...

PURPOSE To compare the effectiveness of topical and sub-Tenon's anesthesia in providing pain relief during phacoemulsification. METHODS This randomized controlled trial was carried out at a tertiary eye care hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Patients who underwent phacoemulsification through self-sealing clear corneal incision with foldable intra-ocular lens implantation were randomize...