purpose: to investigate demographic, clinical and histopathologic features of consecutive exotropia. methods: patients with consecutive exotropia who underwent surgery in farabi hospital between september 2014 and april 2015 were enrolled in this study. after complete ophthalmologic examination and far and near deviation measurement, all patients with negative forced duction test underwent 4-mm...

1. Fine line scars: Surgical scars 2. Wide (stretched) scars: These develop when fine line surgical scars gradually become stretched and widened. They are typically flat, pale, soft, symptomless scars. Abdominal striae of pregnancy can be considered as variants of these. 3. Atrophic scars: These are flat or depressed below the surrounding skin. They are generally small and often round with an i...

BACKGROUND How a scar is managed postoperatively influences its cosmetic outcome. After suture removal, scars are susceptible to skin tension, which may be the trigger for hypertrophic scarring. Paper tape to support the scar may reduce multidirectional forces and prevent hypertrophic scarring. METHODS Seventy patients who had undergone cesarean section at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospi...

Dear Sir, We would like to present the use of the S-plasty method for revising the inset of a flap. Occasionally, the inset of a flap results in a depressed scar at the junction between the flap and the normal skin. This scar is further accentuated in a bulky flap. An S-plasty was designed over the depressed portion of the scar (Fig. 1). The S-plasty involves making a series of small-wave like ...

This has not been the general consensus throughout the twentieth century, however. Even in the late nineteenth century, there were those, mostly male physicians, who began to believe that infant feeding should be regulated by the clock. As artificial baby milk became all the rage in the twentieth century, both formulations of this milk and schedules to feed babies came into popularity. These sc...

Prevention and treatment of abnormal scarring present a challenge to the medical fraternity. Herein, we report the beneficial effect of botulinum toxin A (BTA) for wound modulation in a case with post‐traumatic lower lid cicatricial ectropion. A 20‐year‐old male patient presented with severe cicatricial ectropion in his left lower lid with a scar going down to his cheek and to the ala of the no...

linear and cord-like burn scar contractures are commonly treated by severing the scar in a transverse direction and skin grafting or performing z-plasties. however, skin grafts may result in suboptimal take and contract gradually and the z-plasty requires undermining flaps in scarred skin which may lead to the distal tip necrosis. in this article the authors present their experience with multip...

Understanding the effects of the mechanical environment on wound healing is critical for developing more effective treatments to reduce scar formation and contracture. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dynamic mechanical stretch on cell-mediated early wound remodeling independent of matrix alignment which obscures more subtle remodeling mechanisms. Cyclic equibiaxial stret...

To the Editor: The optimal management for treatment of large or giant fibroadenomas remains controversial. Patients with giant fibroadenomas should be treated with the assumption that the lesion is benign, and therefore local excision is the treatment of choice (1). The inframammary incision is in fact an excellent option for excising these large tumors with conservation of the breast, and cert...