in this paper, we present the numerical solution of ordinary dierential equations (or sdes), from each order especially second-order with time-varying and gaussian random coecients. we indicate a complete analysis for second-order equations in special case of scalar linear second-order equations (damped harmonic oscillators with additive or multi- plicative noises). making stochastic dierent...

So far, many methods have been presented to solve the rst-order di erential equations. But, not many studies have been conducted for numerical solution of high-order fuzzy di erential equations. In this research, First, the equation by reducing time, we transform the rst-order equation. Then we have applied Adams-Bashforth multi-step methods for the initial approximation of one order di erentia...

In this survey we recall the results obtained in [16] where we gave a representation theorem for the solutions of stochastic di¤erential equations in Hilbert spaces. Using this representation theorem and the deterministic characterizations of exponential stability and uniform observability obtained in [16], [17], we will prove a result of Datko type concerning the exponential dichotomy of stoch...

in this paper, the reduced dierential transform method is investigated fora nonlinear partial dierential equation modeling nematic liquid crystals, itis called the hunter-saxton equation. the main advantage of this methodis that it can be applied directly to nonlinear dierential equations withoutrequiring linearization, discretization, or perturbation. it is a semi analytical-numerical metho...

We give a short introduction to the stochastic calculus for Itô-Lévy processes, and review brie‡y the two main methods of optimal control of stochastic systems described by such processes, namely: (i) Dynamic programming and the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation (ii) The stochastic maximum principle and its associated adjoint backward stochastic di¤erential equation (BSDE). The two methods...

it is known that a stochastic dierential equation (sde) induces two probabilisticobjects, namely a diusion process and a stochastic ow. while the diusion process isdetermined by the innitesimal mean and variance given by the coecients of the sde,this is not the case for the stochastic ow induced by the sde. in order to characterize thestochastic ow uniquely the innitesimal covariance give...

Solvability of forward–backward stochastic di erential equations with nonsmooth coe cients is considered using the Four-Step Scheme and some approximation arguments. For the onedimensional case, the existence of an adapted solution is established for the equation which allows the di usion in the forward equation to be degenerate. As a byproduct, we obtain the existence of a viscosity solution t...

In this paper we discuss stochastic di erential delay equations with Markovian switching. Such an equation can be regarded 9 as the result of several stochastic di erential delay equations switching from one to another according to the movement of a Markov chain. The aim of this paper is to investigate the stability in distribution of the equations. 11 c © 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

in this study we produced a new method for solving regular dierential equations with step size h and taylor series. this method analyzes a regular dierential equation with initial values and step size h. this types of equations include quadratic and cubic homogenous equations with constant coecients and cubic and second- level equations.

Prediction and ltering of continuous-time stochastic processes require a solver of a continuous-time di erential Lyapunov equation (cdle). Even though this can be recast into an ordinary di erential equation (ode), where standard solvers can be applied, the dominating approach in Kalman lter applications is to discretize the system and then apply the discrete-time di erence Lyapunov equation (d...