Closed head injury (CHI) is associated with communication difficulties in everyday social interactions. Previous work has reported impaired comprehension of sarcasm, using sarcastic remarks where the intended meaning is the opposite of the sincere or literal meaning. Participants with CHI in the present study were assessed using two types of sarcastic items, those with a directly opposite meani...

Metaphors have been shown to be effective explanatory and communicative tools, shaping how people think and reason about complex domains. To date, however, most studies have addressed only coarse-grained effects of metaphor framing, leaving many questions unanswered about the relative power of metaphor compared to more literal linguistic framing devices. We addressed this issue in a large, pre-...

The metaphor, epistemological probability is statistical probability is traced to the origins of probability theory. Related metaphors appear both in everyday discourse about social processes, and in social scientific argumentation, often disguised as literal claims. Gambling provides a familiar vehicle for expressing the uncertainties associated with social interactions, and with social scienc...

Abstract This research aims to describe speech act form of angry expressive spoken by Comic Bintang Emon in social media about distanting. The method this is qualitative describing the data. data source Emon’s distancing. Collecting analysis used technique listening, reduction, and analysis. were analysed see how was relatedness speaker’s sociopragmatics. result strateries: literal direct unlit...

It is well-know that the action-sentence compatibility effect (ACE) is activated by mental simulation triggered by visual or linguistic stimuli (Glenberg and Kaschak 2002 and many others). However, no study has compared the extent of ACE activated by literal and figurative understanding of honorific Japanese verbs. Two experiments, consisting of 59 Japanese university students was conducted usi...

religious view point is a part of social character structure. the religion is made of two parts: the first part is the legal section which is documented by the religious texts and prays and the second part is the issues that the social life has influence on them such as superstition, myths and traditions. one of the phenomenon which have been created because of the social traditions entrance is...

The debate on literal meaning in theories of natural language processing has focused on two main issues: (1) Are there conditions by which the literal meaning of a sentence can be appropriately identified?; and (2) Is there some evaluation of literal meaning during the interpretation of natural language utterances? My article, “Literal meaning and psychological theory,” (Gibbs, 1984) attempted ...