The Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) in its 8 day repeat orbit mode provided data not only on the along-track surface slope, but also on the cross-track surface slope from adjacent repeat ground tracks. During the first 36 days of operation, four to five such repeat orbits occurred within 1 km in the cross-track direction. This provided an opportunity to use ICESat data to measu...

this research has been done with the aim of explaining environmental and managerial factors that affects on rangeland vegetation distribution in saral rangelands of kurdistan province. after selecting plant types as working area were done sampling from plant types and determined some of plants parameters such as kind and number of plants and cover percentage. various environmental factors such ...

introduction snow is a kind of precipitation that is formed by the condensation of moist air mass and in the condition that temperature is below freezing point. although small areas of the world are mountainous regions, these small territories play an important role in the hydrological context of river basins. in some areas snow covers and glaciers supply drinking water. monitoring and forecast...

The U.S. National Landcover Dataset (NLCD) and the U.S National Elevation Dataset (NED) (bare earth elevations) were used in an attempt to assess to what extent the directional and slope dependency of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) finished digital elevation model is affected by landcover. Four landcover classes: forest, shrubs, grass and snow cover, were included in the study area...

the aim of the study is the classification of landform based on elevation, slope, relief and curvature inputs (old method) and topographic position index (tpi) (new method) in the south of bojnoord. the input data for the two methods is a digital elevation model (dem). the results of topographic position index (tpi) model showed that most area of landform were covered by class 5 (plains small) ...