quṭb al-dīn al-shīrāzī (634h/1236ce-710h/1311ce) wrote four major works on astronomy: nihāyat al‐idrāk fī dirāyat al‐aflāk (“the utmost attainment in comprehending the orbs), in arabic, first edition completed mid-shaʿbān 680/november 1281); the ikhtiyārāt‐i muẓaffarī (“selections for muẓaffar al-dīn arslan” [a minor ruler in qasṭamūnī (modern kastamonu, turkey)], in persian, completed sometime...

Abstract This article focuses on the seven monumental Qur’āns made during reign of Sultan al-Ashraf Shaʿbān II (r. 1363–1378), considered to be masterpieces Mamluk arts book. These are MSS Cairo, Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣriyya Raṣīd 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, and 54. The aim this study is deepen our knowledge manufacturing system context production these manuscripts through examination paper formats, writin...

Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) play vital roles in cellular maintenance of oxygen homeostasis. These transcription factors are responsible for the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, metabolism, and cell proliferation. Here, we generate a detailed mathematical model for the enzyme kinetics of α-ketoglutaratedependent HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylase domain (PHD) dioxygenases to simulate our...

[This corrects the article on p. 1281 in vol. 121, issue 6, PMID: 25072223.].

Groundwater flow in an idealized atoll platform is simulated with CASTEM 2000, a computer code developed at the CEA (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique). Darcy’s law and a coupled solute transport equation (diffusion–dispersion–convection) is solved by the mixed-hybrid finite-element method. Inward and upward circulations of oceanic water are shown to occur. These steady-state circulations resul...

Isolation and differentiation of various species of mycobacteria are predominantly based on conventional, cultural and biochemical tests. Among the non-tuberculous mycobacteria, these tests are unable to differentiate M. scrofulaceum from M. avium-intracellulare (MAI) because of their identical biochemical characteristics. For this reason, one hundred mycobacterial strains suspected to be M. sc...

In the 13th century, a new Chinese astronomical calculation was just put to use and it was almost entirely included in the calendar of Shoushi (formulated by Guo Shou-jing and his colleagues, epoch of AD 1281, adopted from AD 1281−1644). This calendar was one of the most famous and accurate in the history of China. The perfectly systematic theoretical models at that time had been developed for ...

Isolation and differentiation of various species of mycobacteria are predominantly based on conventional, cultural and biochemical tests. Among the non-tuberculous mycobacteria, these tests are unable to differentiate M. scrofulaceum from M. avium-intracellulare (MAI) because of their identical biochemical characteristics. For this reason, one hundred mycobacterial strains suspected to be M. ...

isolation and differentiation of various species of mycobacteria are predominantly based on conventional, cultural and biochemical tests. among the non-tuberculous mycobacteria, these tests are unable to differentiate m. scrofulaceum from m. avium-intracellulare (mai) because of their identical biochemical characteristics. for this reason, one hundred mycobacterial strains suspected to be m. sc...