the present study was conducted to examine the relationship between the self-supervision and the self-efficacy of iranian efl teachers and also the relationship between the self-supervision and the self-efficacy of intermediate adult learners individually. to this end, 40 efl teachers and 55 intermediate adult learners were selected from two branches of kish language institute. in this study, “...

The present study was conducted to examine the relationship between the self-supervision and the self-efficacy of Iranian EFL teachers and also the relationship between the self-supervision and the self-efficacy of intermediate adult learners individually. To this end, 40 EFL teachers and 55 intermediate adult learners were selected from two branches of Kish Language Institute. In this study, “...

Clinical supervision is an essential aspect of every mental health professional's training. The importance of ensuring that supervision is provided competently, ethically, and legally is explained. The elements of the ethical practice of supervision are described and explained. Specific issues addressed include informed consent and the supervision contract, supervisor and supervisee competence,...

AIM Clinical supervisors are appointed to ensure that medical trainees receive a satisfactory education, improve their academic orientation and develop professional attitudes. The aim of this study was to find out, from the paediatric trainee's perspective, how their clinical supervisor could best do that. METHODS We conducted in-depth interviews with seven paediatric trainees in a university...

Collider searches face the challenge of defining a representation high-dimensional data such that physical symmetries are manifest, discriminating features retained, and choice is new-physics agnostic. We introduce JetCLR to solve mapping from low-level optimized observables through self-supervised contrastive learning. As an example, we construct for top QCD jets using permutation-invariant tr...

Reinforcement learning optimizes policies for expected cumulative reward. Need the supervision be so narrow? Reward is delayed and sparse for many tasks, making it a difficult and impoverished signal for end-to-end optimization. To augment reward, we consider a range of self-supervised tasks that incorporate states, actions, and successors to provide auxiliary losses. These losses offer ubiquit...

This research considers two theoretical perspectives on employees’ motivation associated with diminished self-esteem from abusive supervision. The self-defense view of diminished selfesteem suggests that abusive supervision motivates destructive behavior in an attempt to reassert personal control and protect victims’ self-image. The self-presentational view of diminished self-esteem suggests ab...

OBJECTIVE The present study examined the effect of child gender and maternal depressive symptoms on routine supervisory practices of mothers longitudinally. METHOD Self-report supervision practices were obtained at various time points from 3 months through 3 years of age. RESULTS From 3 to 36 months, the quantity of time mothers reported supervising decreased from 7.1 to 6.3 hours, and the ...