The influence of sea surface temperature (SST) on atmospheric processes over the open ocean has been well documented. However, atmospheric responses to SST in coastal waters are poorly understood. Oceanic stratification (and consequently, SST) in coastal waters largely depends on the fortnightly spring-neap tidal cycle, because of variations in vertical tidal mixing. Here we investigate how cha...

[1] We present the Met Office Hadley Centre’s sea ice and sea surface temperature (SST) data set, HadISST1, and the nighttime marine air temperature (NMAT) data set, HadMAT1. HadISST1 replaces the global sea ice and sea surface temperature (GISST) data sets and is a unique combination of monthly globally complete fields of SST and sea ice concentration on a 1 latitude-longitude grid from 1871. ...

there are a number of ideas to generate cloud and precipitation in the southern coasts of caspian sea, but none of them explain the cause of precipitation particularly heavy and super heavy precipitations precisely. this study describes main thermodynamic factors when the situation and location of synoptic patterns are effective. on the basis of daily data, monthly regimes and monthly trends of...

There is a clear positive correlation between boreal summer tropical Atlantic sea-surface temperature and annual hurricane numbers. This motivates the idea of trying to predict the sea-surface temperature in order to be able to predict future hurricane activity. In previous work we have used simple statistical methods to make 5 year predictions of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures for ...

Comparative study on Sea Surface Temperature: SST estimations among the conventional Multi-Channel Seat Surface Temperature: MCSST, split window method and the proposed Conjugate Gradient based method: CGM with Thermal Infrared Radiometer: TIR data through simulations is conducted. Utilizing the proposed linearized inversion of radiative transfer equation, SST can be estimated. SST estimation a...

Measuring the sea surface during tropical cyclones (TC) is challenging due to severe weather conditions that prevent shipboard measurements and clouds which mask the sea surface for visible satellite sensors. However, sea surface emission in the microwave L-band can penetrate rain and clouds and be measured from space. The European Space Agency (ESA) MIRAS L-band radiometer on the Soil Moisture...

The mean seasonal cycle of surface heat budget is examined using historical temperature data combined with climatological wind stress and surface heat flux in the South China Sea. In most parts of the basin, we see a negative correlation between sea surface temperature (SST) and mixed layer depth (MLD); that is, SST tends to be higher (lower) when MLD is shallower (deeper). Given the characteri...

Based on a fully coupled, high-resolution regional climate model, this study analyzed three-dimensional temperature and momentum changes in the South China Sea (SCS) from 1970 to 2000, during which period the climate shifts from a decadal La Ni~ na-like condition (before 1976/1977) to a decadal El Ni~ no-like condition afterward. With a set of partially coupled experiments, sea surface temperat...

T he global surface temperature record is constructed by blending sea surface temperature (SST) with air temperature over land and ice (see also section S1 of the supplement , which is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00251.2). Both SST and land air temperature require adjustments to account for changes in, for example, depth or height of measurement, instrumentation, and...