Cholinergic neurons were identified in rat striatal slices by their size, membrane properties, sensitivity to the NK(1) receptor agonist (Sar(9), Met(O(2))(11)) Substance P, and expression of choline acetyltransferase mRNA. A(1) receptor mRNA was detected in 60% of the neurons analysed, and A(2A) receptor mRNA in 67% (n=15). The A(1) receptor agonist R-N(6)-(2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (R-PIA) ...

Background: Recent international recommendations for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes (GD) were implemented in a university hospital. The aim was to audit the appropriateness of use of the new diagnostic approach. Methods: The same 5-month period, one before [2009, traditional two-step oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) approach, S1] and one after the implementation of new criteria (2010, ...

BACKGROUND Recent international recommendations for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes (GD) were implemented in a university hospital. The aim was to audit the appropriateness of use of the new diagnostic approach. METHODS The same 5-month period, one before [2009, traditional two-step oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) approach, S1] and one after the implementation of new criteria (2010, ...

BACKGROUND We tested the hypothesis that action potential duration (APD) restitution of normal ventricular muscle cells is different during double premature stimuli (S3) compared with a single premature stimulus (S2). We propose a possible ionic mechanism for such a difference. METHODS AND RESULTS Action potentials and isometric tension were recorded simultaneously from isolated canine right ...

Five faba bean genotypes (Vicia faba L.) were selfed for two cycles to produce S1 and S2 generations. A half-diallel cross was carried out among them in each level of inbreeding (S0, S1 and S2) to obtain 10 F1 hybrids. Parental materials as well as their respective F1s were evaluated during the winter season of 2012. All studied traits except total dry seed yield showed significant inbreeding d...

while (1) { with (s1) /* send r to 2d shape */ where (s1mask) pcoord(0)]]0]conn = r; with (s2) where (s2mask) { conn = copy_spread(&conn, 1, 0); /* spread */ conn &= e; /* combine */ reduce(&conn, conn, 0, /* reduce */ CMC_combiner_logior, 0); where (pcoord(0)==0) pcoord(1)]temp = conn; /* return result */ } with (s1) { /* stop if r hasn't changed */ if (&=(temp==r)) break; r = temp; } } CM_tim...

A solution to two hard problems will be discussed, for which spatial spectral (S2) holographic technologies have progressed to advanced operation. The general S2 solution involves using modulated laser light that interacts with light absorbing crystals, and the result is processing of information over very large bandwidths with high frequency resolution. Recent research and development efforts ...

The goal of this study was to assess the mechanisms by which the caffeine-sensitive calcium stores of airway smooth muscle cells are refilled. Bovine trachealis cells were loaded with fura 2-AM (0.5 μM) for imaging of cytosolic calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in the inner cytosol. After a first stimulation (S1) with caffeine, the response to a second stimulation (S2) depended on the presence o...

Recently, we proposed a classification of HLA-DRB1 alleles that reshapes the shared epitope hypothesis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); according to this model, RA is associated with the RAA shared epitope sequence (72-74 positions) and the association is modulated by the amino acids at positions 70 and 71, resulting in six genotypes with different RA risks. This was the first model to take into a...

Background Resistant hypertension (RH) is common among adults with hypertension affecting up to 30% of patients on treatment for blood pressure (BP) control. It is predicted to increase, as old age and obesity are considered major risk factors for RH. Effective treatment of RH still remains an unmet goal of antihypertensive treatment. This thesis compared two methods of treating RH in two hospi...