one of the main objectives of this research was to explain the desirable system for afghanistan media. the media system of this country, in which journalism is as old as 129 years, is now declining, as a result of the crisis and the 23-year war. in order to fill in this communication gap with the past and to preserve achievements of this cultural industry, i decided to explain the future desira...

Since the late 1980s, major changes have taken place in the global political economy. As a result of the collapse of the Eastern Bloc, the end of the Cold War, the expansion of global trade, and other factors, numerous countries have begun moving towards more open political and economic systems. Accompanying these political and economic changes has been a corresponding liberalization of nationa...

In its six episodes, the British series Years and (2019) calls on images that resonate in collective imagination of contemporary media, although some them have their roots visual motifs with a strong tradition Western culture. this article, we attempt to identify these images, representing political conflicts, social tensions, ecological disasters, economic uncertainties end 2010s beginning 202...

Russia has adopted a neo-authoritarian media system that has more in common with similar non-democratic systems around the world than with the Soviet system that once prevailed on the same territory. Though the picture for media freedom in Russia is bleak today, the types of control imposed are significantly different from the Soviet era in terms of breadth, depth, and mechanisms of control, an...

Theoretical scholarship on media democratisation neglects the role of representing groups in civil society, which new democracies emerging from authoritarian regimes are frequently marginalised. These may also contest form democracy that has been implemented, and way it deals with key transitional issues such as past human rights violations. This study focuses how represented one post-authorita...

S[NCE the publication of The Authoritarian Personality (2), the relationship of ethnic prejudice and authoritarian attitudes to personality and psychopathology has been the subject of anumber of studies. Several scales have been used as measures of authoritarian attitudes, and the personality factors underlying authoritarianism have been investigated with an even greater variety of techniques. ...