considering the importance of government fiscal policy (government spending and state tax income) in economy and its effectiveness in well-being of people, this paper examines the effects of fiscal policy on poverty during the period 1386-1363 in iran. in this paper, considering the fact that poverty changes can be divided to changes in economic growth and changes in income distribution; initia...

introduction: agriculture as one of old sectors of economy has been important role in the supply food for peoples and raw materials. globalization causes rapid growth of world trade and reduces information and communications costs. globalization and rapid growth of trade increases the potential benefits of trade for agriculture from various aspects. the potential benefits of trade for agricultu...

This study employs auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds approach to cointegration for long run and errorcorrection modeling (ECM) for short run analysis to examine the relationship between revenue gap and economic growth for Pakistan using annual time series data over the period 1980 to 2008. The short and long run results indicate that revenue gap is statistical significant and negati...

liberalization of international markets affects level of pollution in developing countries more than in developed countries. therefore the impact of trade liberalization on environmental pollution is a challenge for policy makers. in this paper auto regressive distributed lags (ardl) and error correction model (ecm) methods are employed for a study of the relationship between trade liberalizati...

External debt service is major variable in economic growth and public debate. However, this often ignored literature. This study investigated the relationship between external Nigeria from 1981 to 2020. A quantitative research approach was adopted for study. The method estimation Auto-Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) model. ARDL bound test results showed there co-integration. speed of change ...

This study is conducted to check the asymmetric impact of pandemic uncertainty (PUI), oil prices and index (UI) on large, mid small capitalization US Islamic stock market. The analysis for time period 18 years starting from 2002 2020 using auto-regressive distributive lags (ARDL) exploring nonlinear or influence variables on. results suggested that (OP) did not significantly Large, Mid Small Wh...

Stress in financial markets influences economic agents’ behavior by creating uncertainty and changing the expectations. Critical financial stress can lead to financial crisis. Financial crises are among the events always present in the world economy. Iran is not an exception. This paper aims to study the impact of financial stresses on Iran’s per capita GDP. By using ARDL (Auto Regressive Distr...