water is an important element and plays a vital role in the formation and survival of natural, economical and social systems in dry climates. thus, there is a significant necessity to present an optimal method for utilization of water resources in these regions. constructing dams has been a prevalent method for exploitation of water shed resources for a long time which has positive and negative...

Rice production in sub-Saharan Africa has more than doubled in the last 3 decades and the potential to further develop rice-harvested areas is considerable. Several studies have demonstrated that the transformation of arable land into rice irrigation might create suitable habitats for large populations of disease vectors. Prominent among those are anopheline mosquitoes responsible for transmiss...

Drought stress (DS) is an important limiting factor for crop growth and production in some regions of the world. Limitation in water availability precludes optimal irrigation in some production regions. Therefore, investigations on the interaction of other factors to mitigate the DS to varying degree are important. Two field experiments were conducted in the experimental farm of the National Re...

Historical records and archaeological discoveries have shown that prosperous agricultural activities developed in the ancient Juyan Oasis of northwestern China, an important oasis that once flourished on the ancient Silk Road. However, how the irrigation canals were distributed in historical time was unknown. Here, we identified and mapped the spatial distribution of ancient abandoned irrigatio...

Food security can be under threat due to climate change, which has the potential alter crop yield. Wheat, maize, and rice are major crops contributing global food security. The impact of change on yield with different models techniques been projected; this article reviewed worldwide future wheat, rice, maize production. Wheat yields may increase in colder regions decrease countries near equator...

Three new worldwide calendars are proposed and compared in this paper. None of them requires any departure from an existing tradition to divide years on lean and leap. Although all three are pretty accurate, it is demonstrated that the Julian calendar with one additional amendment is the simplest and the most suitable for implementation.