al-ghallābī is rated as among the shī‘ī authors of the third/eighth century, through whom many historical traditions have been related in shī‘ī and sunnī sources. examining the status of al-ghallābī’s traditions in the two major sects (of shī‘a and sunnī), this writing is intended to find the reason for the permeation of his traditions into the sources belonging to the sunnīs – who are very cau...

Following aggressive interactions, dominant female baboons, Papio cynocephalus ursinusoccasionally grunt to their victims. To examine the effect of these apparently reconciliatory grunts on victims' subsequent behaviour, a series of playback experiments was designed to mimic reconciliation. Victims were played their opponents' grunts in the minutes immediately following a fight and then observe...

Desire conflicts arise in several real-world contexts. In this paper we propose a mixed deliberation dialogue for reconciliation. A mixed deliberation dialogue is defined as a combination of forward and backward deliberation dialogues whose goals are subordinate and superordinate desires of a given desire, respectively. This research and the introduction of mixed deliberation dialogue have been...

Desire conflicts arise in several real-world contexts. In this paper, we propose a mixed deliberation dialogue for reconciliation. A mixed deliberation dialogue is defined as a combination of forward and backward deliberation dialogues with respective goals which are subordinate and superordinate desires of a given desire. This research and the introduction of mixed deliberation dialogue have b...

Not focusing on stakeholders’ original desires, but on their underlying desires helps agents to reconcile practical conflicts. This paper proposes a logical formalization of an argument-based reasoning for justifying both underlying desires and means for realizing them. Based on the idea that an underlying desire can be obtained by abstracting an original desire, we give a problem setting for d...

Health-related Quality of Life measures have recently been attacked from two directions, both of which criticize the preference-based method of evaluating health states they typically incorporate. One attack, based on work by Daniel Kahneman and others, argues that 'experience' is a better basis for evaluation. The other, inspired by Amartya Sen, argues that 'capability' should be the guiding c...

We study effects of additive spatiotemporal random variations, introduced to the payoffs of a spatial hawk–dove game, on the evolution of the reconciliatory and the aggressive strategy. We show that uncertainties facilitate aggressive behavior for a broad range of resource values. In particular, aggressors thrive best if stochastic influences are of the order of magnitude of deterministic payof...

This book represents a delightful collection of essays on Welsh sport, in particular the Welsh sport of rugby union football and its place in Welsh society. Gareth Williams has provided sports historians with some of the best accounts of sport in the Principality over the years and 1905 And All That is no exception. Avid readers of sports history will recognise some of the articles, however, si...