the output of x-ray, especially in the field of required energy for diagnosing the disease is very low (in diagnosing lamps, it is less than 1%). in this kind of lamps the rest of the electrical energy is transformed to heat. this considerable amount of heat induces a myriad of too many limitations in choosing higher levels of radiation, particularly in specialized techniques. this process is t...

We have successfully demonstrated that the cw x-ray generator can work as a preionization source for a pulsed H F laser. The preionization effect of cw x radiation was revealed by a comparative study of with and without applying x-ray photons to the H F laser. Since dose rate of the cw x-ray generator is easily controllable, the laser output could be measured as a function of initial electron n...

A new type of U-shape anti-cathode X-ray generator in which the inner surface of a cylindrical target is irradiated by an electron beam has been made by modifying a conventional rotating anti-cathode X-ray generator whose brightness in the catalog is 12 kW mm(-2). The target material (Cu), target radius (50 mm) and rotating speed (6,000 r.p.m.) were not changed in this modification. A brightnes...

actual focal spot automatic exposure control comparator coulomb/kilogram detector effective focal spot focal spot blooming grid latitude grid uniformity half-value layer high-frequency homogenous phantom ion chamber kilowatt rating Law of Reciprocity linear tomography line focus principle linearity mobile x-ray generator objective plane photodetector pluridirectional tomography portable x-ray g...

Applications of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis with a pyroelectric X-ray generator are presented. Glass and ceramics were analyzed with this novel X-ray generator to examine its capability for analyzing nonmetallic inorganic material. Although the power of X-ray output was a few orders of magnitude lower than conventional X-ray tubes, many elements such as Si, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Zn, Sr, Ba, ...

X-ray absorption spectral (XAS) analysis is performed with a combination of a 9 V dry electric battery X-ray generator and a portable Si PIN X-ray detector. The calcium K edge (4.0 keV) in paper is measured with a grazing incidence geometry, which suppressed the artifact due to the Kalpha X-ray fluorescence peak at 3.5 keV. The 9 V dry battery X-ray emitter is useful for portable XAS measurements.