prevalence of thyroid nodules diagnosed by ultrasonography has been reported to be high (about 50%) probably due to iodine deficiency in our region. most thyroid nodules benign but some require treatment for cosmetic reasons or subjective symptoms. the conventional method of treatment in iran is surgery. for the first time in iran, from february 2016, 50 patients with 63 nodules (solid or cysti...

accessory pathways (ap) are abnormal myocardial connections between atria and ventricles with electrical conductive properties. we performed radio frequency (rf) catheter ablation in 66 patients with manifest ap at dr.shariati hospital during 5 years. bipolar mapping was used in 48 patients and unipolar mapping in 18 patients of find the best site for rf energy delivery. we calculated total dur...

extremely low frequency (elf) electromagnetic field (elf-emfs) are widely employed in electrical appliances and different equipment such as television sets, elf-emfs can  affect biological systems by increasing production  ros. the altered balance between ros generation and elimination plays a critical role in a variety of pathologic conditions. ros levels have been observed in several hematopo...

In software defined radio systems, placing the analog-todigital converter (ADC) near the antenna part in the block diagram of the receiver is desired to improve the flexibility of the system. The radio frequency (RF) sampling method, in which the received signal is sampled at the RF stage, realizes such structure. The undersampling is a potential method to sample the RF signal using the existin...

The center idea behind the software radio architecture is to place analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters as near the antenna as possible, leaving the implementation of the most radio functionality to a programmable micro or signal processor. One way to accomplish this in a radio receiver front end is by direct downconverting the desired radio frequency (RF) signal to a target inter...

This paper describes overview and definitions about Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) formats which can be used in hybrid Free Space Optics/Radio Frequency (FSO/RF) links. Free space optical links allow obtain high speed data transmission without optical fibers. This type of communication is dependent on weather properties and line of sight is needed. This fact has negative influence on inf...