We examine a hitherto unstudied debate, turning on the epistemology of value judgements, between Ashʿarīs and Baṣran Muʿtazilīs late eleventh twelfth centuries. Al-Ghazālī al-Rāzī countered Muʿtazilī ethical realism, here defended by al-Malāḥimī, developing an emotive subjectivism underpinned increasingly sophisticated psychological accounts motivation. Value they maintained, arise not from kno...

fakhr al-dīn al-rāzī, theologian and philosopher of the 12th centuriy (1148-1209), has a huge literary production in many scholary disciplines of his time. nothwithstanding some original ideas which are mostly found in his theological and philosophical writings, most of his other works are compilations based on other sources. some of these sources still exist, while most of the others seem to h...

This article examines the psychological doctrines of Ashʿarite theologian and polymath Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 606/1210). The starting point discussion is his critical reception Avicenna’s ca. 428/1037) theories. I focus on al-Rāzī’s early works philosophy, in particular <em>al-Mab</em><em>āḥith al-mashriqiyya</em> famous commentary <em>al-Ish</em><em>...

This paper examines Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s understanding of metaphysical certainty in terms his theory ta’wīl (interpretation) while showing optimism attaining certainty. Rāzī, also known as the leader skeptics (shaykh al-mushakkikīn) Shiʻi sources, thoroughly criticizing philosophical and kalam traditions before him, remains a controversial figure among scholars. His critical thinking confound...

Cet article propose un tour d’horizon des animaux aquatiques repris dans les principaux catalogues pharmacologiques de l’époque médiévale. Sont abordés en particulier ouvrages médicaux parvenus latin à la suite l’important mouvement traductions réalisées partir l’arabe, aux xiie et xiiie siècles. Notre étude se concentre sur le Liber ad Almansorem Rāzī, De dietis d’Isaac Israeli, livre II du Ca...