هدف: هدف پژوهش برجسته کردن مفهوم رفتار انحرافی سازمانی از طریق بررسی مطالعات پیشین و درک پویایی این رفتارها ارائه تصویری جامع روند فراهم آوردن بینشی ارزشمند وضعیت رفتارهای در ایران کمک به هدایت پژوهش­‌های آتی راستای پوشش شکاف­‌های تحقیقاتی موجود حوزه است.روش: با استفاده روش فراترکیب، یافته­‌های پژوهش­های کیفی کمی مرتبط ترکیب الگوی نهایی طراحی شد. بر اساس، 90 سازمانی، اهداف مطالعه حاضر هفت مرحله...

The debate on trade and poverty is reinforced by recent studies on the role of standards. It is argued that increasing standards act as trade barriers for developing countries and cause further marginalization of the poor. This paper is the first to quantify income and poverty effects of such high-standards trade and to integrate labor market effects, by using company and household survey data ...

It is widely accepted that practical export finance skills are necessary to successful exporting. Nevertheless, there has been little research into the specialized financial aspects of exporting. This research presents the first evidence of the relative importance of practical export finance skills to Australian agribusiness exporters when they export to the U.S. and Japan. We also report on th...

This study describes, for the first time, the production and use of an "internal-image" anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody (MAb) to elicit a rotavirus-specific antibody response. An immunoglobulin G2a MAb, designated RQ31 (MAb1), specific for the outer capsid protein VP4 of bovine Q17 rotavirus and capable of neutralizing viral infection in vitro was used to generate an anti-idiotypic MAb (MAb2...

This article reviews the performance of the World Trade Organization in the oversight of national regulatory decisions affecting agricultural and food trade. A picture emerges of modest international disciplines on the regulatory decisions of sovereign nations and the need for ongoing improvements. A road map to regulations is presented and empirical assessments of the effects of technical regu...

Beginning with the WTO‘s Doha Development Agenda and establishment of the Millennium Development Goal of reducing poverty by 50 percent by 2015, poverty impacts of trade reforms have become central to the global development agenda. This has been particularly true of agricultural trade reforms due to the importance of grains in the diets of the poor, presence of relatively higher protection in a...

Traders are often blamed for high prices, prompting government regulation. We study the effects of a ban layer financing intermediaries in edible oil supply chain Bangladesh during 2011–2012. Contrary to predictions standard model an oligopolistic chain, caused downstream wholesale and retail prices rise, pass-through changes imported crude price fall. These results can be explained by extensio...