Weaver ants (Oecophylla longinoda Latreille) are used commercially to control pest insects and for protein production. In this respect fast colony growth is desirable for managed colonies. Transplantation of non-nestmate pupae to incipient colonies has been shown to boost colony growth. Our objectives were to find the maximum number of pupae a founding queen can handle, and to measure the assoc...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of killed house ßy (Musca domestica L) pupae for production of two economically important pupal parasitoids. Two-day-old ßy pupae were subjected to heat shock treatments of varying temperatures and durations in an oven at 70%RH; exposure to temperatures of 55 Cor higher for 15min or longer resulted in 100%mortality. Exposure to 50 C re...

The grape berry moth, Paralobesia viteana (Clemens), is a key pest of vineyards in eastern North America that overwinters as pupae in leaf litter on the vineyard floor. This presents an opportunity for tillage to disturb and bury the pupae, providing a potential nonchemical approach to control of this pest. Using a Lilleston-style rotary cultivator, we determined the distribution of pupae withi...

The pupae of Sarcophaga peregrina received x-ray in the early pupal stage, and their oxygen consumption was measured throughout the pupal stage. Three patterns of radiation effects were found according to doses. With small irradiation doses, inhibitory effect on oxygen uptake was evident, but the survival time of the pupae was the same as that in non-irradiated, non-fed pupae. With medium irrad...

An insect's cold hardiness affects its potential to overwinter and outbreak in different geographic regions. In this study, we characterized the response of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) pupae to low temperatures by using controlled laboratory measurements of supercooling point (SCP), lower lethal temperature (LT(50)), and lower lethal time (LLTime). The impact of diapause, acclimation, and sex on t...

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties of meat batters prepared with fresh pork meat, back fat, water, and salt and formulated with three different amounts (5%, 10%, and 15%) of silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori) powder and transglutaminase (TG). Meat batters formulated with silkworm pupae powder showed significantly higher contents of protein and ash than control batt...

Cocoon formation by cat flea larvae was directly related to the quantity of eggs or yeast consumed. Larvae consuming either 1-3 eggs or 0.25-1.0 mg of yeast developed as naked pupae or formed incomplete cocoons. Third instar cat flea larvae fed upon naked pupae and pupae within partial cocoons, but complete cocoons protected pupae from cannibalism. First and second instars did not attack pupae....

The objective of this study was to establish a high quality progeny production system for the house fly parasitoid, Spalangia endius (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), by stockpiling hosts. We performed two host killing methods before host storage: (i) heat-killed by 30 min exposure to 50°C or (ii) freeze-killed by 10 min exposure to -80°C. The average number of parasitoids that emerged from nonstore...

Three hundred forty female jewel wasps were reared as larvae on blowfly pupae and then separately exposed as adults to varying numbers and combinations of previously parasitized and unparasitized housefly pupae. Each adult was tested with 6 fresh housefly pupae. Only foraging experience on unparasitized housefly pupae increased host acceptance for subsequent housefly pupae, producing curvilinea...

Six mosquito species were identified in a survey of containers associated with 347 households in four villages in American Samoa. Aedes polynesiensis Marks (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes aegypti (L) were the most abundant species, representing 57% and 29% of the mosquitoes identified. Culex quinquefasciatus (Say), Culex annulirostris (Skuse), Aedes oceanicus (Belkin) and Toxorhynchites amboinen...