The functions of several small subunits of the large photosynthetic multiprotein complex PSI (Photosystem I) are not yet understood. To elucidate the function of the small plastome-encoded PsaJ subunit, we have produced knockout mutants by chloroplast transformation in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). PsaJ binds two chlorophyll-a molecules and is localized at the periphery of PSI, close to both the...

Thuricin CD is a two-component bacteriocin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis that kills a wide range of clinically significant Clostridium difficile. This bacteriocin has recently been characterized and consists of two distinct peptides, Trnβ and Trnα, which both possess 3 intrapeptide sulphur to α-carbon bridges and act synergistically. Indeed, thuricin CD and subtilosin A are the only antimi...

BACKGROUND At present, plant molecular systematics and DNA barcoding techniques rely heavily on the use of chloroplast gene sequences. Because of the relatively low evolutionary rates of chloroplast genes, there are very few choices suitable for molecular studies on angiosperms at low taxonomic levels, and for DNA barcoding of species. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We scanned the entire chlo...

Compared with other members of the family Rosaceae, the chloroplast genomes of Fragaria species exhibit low variation, and this situation has limited phylogenetic analyses; thus, complete chloroplast genome sequencing of Fragaria species is needed. In this study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of F. × ananassa 'Benihoppe' using the Illumina HiSeq 2500-PE150 platform and then perfo...

We report a structural characterization by electron microscopy and image analysis of a supramolecular complex consisting of Photosystem I (PSI) and the chlorophyll-binding protein IsiA from a mutant of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 lacking the PsaF and PsaJ subunits. The circular complex consists of a central PSI trimer surrounded by a ring of 17 IsiA units, one less than in the wil...

ABSTRACT The Pi Sigma Alpha Undergraduate Journal of Politics (PSAJ) , sponsored by the National Honor Society, was founded in 2001 at Purdue University. After 20 years, much has changed undergraduate research and publishing, but benefits producing a peer-reviewed journal remain same. increased prominence, modernized to meet these transformations. This article describes history, purpose, operat...

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of canker in kiwifruit, can be divided into three biovars (biovars 1, 2, and 3). Strains belonging to biovar 1 produce phaseolotoxin and were isolated in Japan and Italy before 2008. Strains of biovar 2 produce coronatine instead of phaseolotoxin and have been isolated only in Korea. Strains belonging to biovar 3 produce neither phaseolotoxi...

This study investigates the effect of political alignment ruling parties Turkey and TRNC on foreign aid from to TRNC. Depending stationarity variables ARDL approach is used examine relationship between cohesion for period 1983 2017. According results, it found out that a long-run exists two countries. The findings suggest that, when countries have similar view, significantly increases, even aft...

Abstract Background Impatiens L. is a genus of complex taxonomy that belongs to the family Balsaminaceae (Ericales) and contains approximately 1000 species. The well known for its economic, medicinal, ornamental, horticultural value. However, knowledge about germplasm identification, molecular phylogeny, chloroplast genomics limited, taxonomic uncertainties still exist due overlapping morpholog...