alkaafi fel arooz-e-val ghavaafi written by khatib tabrizi is quite familiar for the students and researchers of the area of prosody and meter. khatib tabrizi is a sixth century scholar. the main characteristic of his age in writing books was to adapt from the texts and works of the predecessors and little use of creativity and innovation. considering the bibliography and the methodology of thi...

the shiites role in the general genealogy in which they have engaged to all arabs genealogies, all of the northern (adnanids) and southern (qahtanids), koreyshite, talibids, abbasids and omayyad, is basic. they were pioneers of this science and started to write genealogies through sources like early genealogists, interview with scholars and elders of the tribes, predecessors’ books, inscription...

islamic golden age, 9-12 century ad, was the period through which persian scientists and physicians were most influential in improving medical sciences including cardiovascular knowledge. although post-islamic golden age witnessed a number of great persian scholars moving cardiovascular concepts forward, they failed to become as well known as their predecessors. one of these scholars was hakim ...

Although there was an early experiment in the 1960s with the central distribution of paper preprints in the biomedical sciences, these sciences have not been early adopters of electronic preprint servers. Some barriers to the development of a ‘preprint culture’ in the biomedical sciences are described. Multiple factors that, from the 1960s, fostered the transition from a paper-based preprint cu...