Almost all bees collect nectar and pollen from flowers. Female bees collect pollen to provision their nest cells, whereas they use nectar for individual energy supply and nest cell provisioning. Bees fine-tune nectar foraging to the amount and to the concentration of nectar, but the individual bees' response to variability of amount and concentration of pollen reward has not yet been studied th...

Pollen is an excellent source of actin for biochemical and physiological studies of the actomyosin system in higher plants. We have developed an efficient method to prepare relatively high levels of actin from the pollen of maize (Zea mays L.). The procedures of purification include acetone powder preparation, saturated ammonium sulfate fractionation, diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography,...

There is a rapidly growing trend in the consumption of herbal remedies in the developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of orally administered Date Palm Pollen (DPP) on the results of semen analysis in adult infertile men. Forty infertile men participated in our study. They were treated by Pollen powder 120 mg kg(-1) in gelatinous capsules every other day, for two...

BACKGROUND Today, most of pretreatments used to convert biomass into biofuels are based on expensive chemical processes that not only do not keep the major components intact after separation, but also consume water and generate many effluents. However, dry fractionation technologies are an important step for future biomass biorefineries since they do not require chemicals and do not generate wa...

The aim of the study was to identify trends and dynamics changes in chemical biochemical properties soil induced by rotational grazing farmed deer. Soils pH content mineral nitrogen forms, total nitrogen, organic carbon were determined activity three enzymes. monitored soils slightly acidic neutral, with 1 mol KCldm−3 ranging from 6.37 7.03. contents carbon, range 9.42–19.37 gkg−1 1.13–2.24 gkg...

Benefits of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can be enhanced by raising their bioavailability through microencapsulation.Pollen can be emptied to form hollow shells, known as exines, and then used to encapsulate material,such as oils in a dry powder form.6 healthy volunteers ingested 4.6 g of fish oil containing 20% EPA in the form of ethyl-ester first alone and then as 1:1 microencapsulated powder ...

BACKGROUND A nasally applied cellulose powder is increasingly used in many countries as a remedy for allergic rhinitis. The absence of side effects makes the treatment particularly attractive in children. The efficacy in pollen allergic children, however, is not studied, nor is the relation to various pollen exposures. METHODS During the birch pollen season in 2009, a double blind, placebo-co...

Heparin is a polydisperse sulphated copolymer consisting mostly of 1-->4 linked glucosamine and uronic acid residues, i.e. 2-deoxy-2-sulphamido-D-glucopyranose 6-sulphate and L-idopyranosyluronic acid 2-sulphate. 13C NMR has been used to study the interactions of heparinase-derived and purified heparin disaccharide with N- and C-terminally-blocked tripeptides GRG and GKG. Titration of the disac...